The Controversy Around Banning Books Essay Research free essay sample

The Controversy Around Banning Books Essay, Research Paper The topic of censoring is a really controversial one, particularly the forbiddance of books. Many people believe they must protect themselves and others from the # 8220 ; evils # 8221 ; of many authoritative books and plants of art because they can be deemed # 8220 ; indecent # 8221 ; in one manner or another. Many believe that this is absurd and censoring in its current signifier is a misdemeanor of our First Amendment right to liberate address. Personally, I align myself with the latter, nevertheless I do experience there are occasions where censoring is justifiable. The censoring of books is a division of censoring that, apart from Internet censoring, receives the most promotion. Banning books is the most popular signifier of such censoring. Many banned books are literary classics, such as The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, which was listed as the figure 6 most challenged or banned book in a list compiled by the American Civil Liberties Union in 1997. We will write a custom essay sample on The Controversy Around Banning Books Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This book has been banned from school libraries all over the state because of the chief character # 8217 ; s teenage angst, which many feel is excessively in writing for adolescents, and its profanity. Profanity, whether it be frequent or a rare happening, is a characteristic of many literary classics, as is the usage of racial epithets.In the book Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain ( ranking figure 2 on the list ) , an name is use many times over to depict the people of colour in the book. Now since the book was published in 1885 and such linguistic communication was common at the clip, I do non believe that censoring such a book is necessary. An alibi normally used by advocators of censoring books that use in writing linguistic communication or racial names is that they do non desire kids exposed to it. It is my belief that since by the clip the kid is required to read such literature in school, they are at an age where they can separate between things that should and should non be s aid and it is the occupation of the parents to educate the kid that merely because they say it in a book does non intend he or she should.Another capable common to banned and censored books is gender. An first-class illustration of a book in inquiry incorporating sexual content is The Chocolate War, by Robert Cormier, which ranked figure 5 on the ACLU # 8217 ; s list. Now sing the fact that this often banned book is written for immature grownups of center and high school age, I # 8217 ; m sure the writer included this content, and the frequently in writing linguistic communication associated with such content, because it made the book more realistic and possibly because it made the novel more appealing to the age bracket. Fiction is not the only genre faced with banning and censorship. Educational books such as the sex education text It’s Perfectly Normal by Robie Harris and The New Teenage Body Book by Kathy McCoy and Charles Wibbelsmanare under attack because they discuss sex-related topics. All I have to say about this is sexuality is a fact of life, not some forbidden subject. Adolescents need to know this information so they don’t go off an ruin their life by having a baby while they are in their teens or catching a disease because they didn’t have the information to protect them. Sometimes books are banned or censored for unusual and often ridiculous reasons. An example of such is the banning of Little Red Riding Hood in two California school districts in 1989. In the story, Little Red Riding Hood is bringing a cake and a bottle of wine to her grandmother’s hou se. The districts claimed they were concerned because of the use of alcohol in the story. Even the popular children’s’ book series Goosebumps, by R.L. Stine, has been challenged across the country by parents and school officials. They say that the book is â€Å"too scary for kids.† I am curious as to why they say this, because I remember reading the books in elementary school, and to my peers and I, they were comedic rather than scary. By the time a child can read these books, I feel, they are old enough to know that it is just a story and the Goosebumps books are all about getting kids into the fun of reading.As I have said before, there are certainly occasions where censorship is justified. For example, the Kenneth Starr report on President Clinton’s affairs with Monica Lewinsky and the attempts to cover it up is certainly not for kids. Due to its graphic sexual content, I would not be surprised if it was censored extensively or even removed from the In ternet sites it is currently on. I do believe when censorship is used, it must be used with common sense. Instead of banning classic literary works and educational from school libraries and classrooms, classes could possibly discuss why the authors use such language and content in their books. Why ban a good book because it has a few profanities? If censorship must be used to control inappropriate content, it should be used to prevent children from gaining access to materials such as pornography on the Internet rather than the sex-ed book in the school library.

Management

Management Executive Summary Almost every year, it seems, some major corporation is enveloped in an ethics scandal that generates a new tremor of public distrust. As a consequence of these endless scandals, the ethics phenomenon has become a buzz word in boardrooms and so is global outsourcing and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Global outsourcing has seen companies lowering the production costs, as well as offer employment for many languishing in unemployment, particularly in the developing countries.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Management-Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report finds that CSR is even more relevant in companies engaged in global outsourcing than those having in-house operations. As such, it makes a number of recommendations to contemporary companies who wish to engage in global outsourcing activities. To begin with, the fact that a company is operating away from ‘home’ does not imply that it should engage in unethical behaviors. It should indulge in those activities that bring good to itself, and the community in which is operating. By so doing, companies will be able to maintain brand value and reputation. It will also win the confidence of the community; which may come at their rescue in times of a crisis. Introduction On December 3, 1084, the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, experienced a major crisis resulting in the leak of 45 tons of methylisocyanate, a toxic chemical used in the production of insecticides. Thousands of people died from the disaster with many others suffering long-term physical damage, including blindness, respiratory problems, birth defects, and neurological problems (Vilcox Mohan, 2007). Union Carbide’s response was to deny social responsibility for the accident. The company did make emergency relief payments, and later settled all civil liability for the accident amounting to hundreds of millions of US dollar s. Claiming it had met its legal obligations, Union Carbide began to extricate itself from India. Responsibility for the plant site and victims was eventually turned over to the Indian government. The company funded a relief trust and built a clinic to help treat victims, but the legacy of long-term disability, contaminated water, and lingering effects has remained unresolved (Sims, 2003). The Union Carbide Bhopal accident, as well as a number of other dramatic and mundane examples, illustrates the debate over corporate ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Companies such as Wal-Mart, Exxon Mobil, Microsoft, and many others have been accused of hiding behind legal requirements and avoiding larger social responsibilities. Corporate ethics and corporate social responsibility have emerged as salient topics for debate in the contemporary business milieu (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Ge t your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate ethics Almost every year, it seems, some major corporation is enveloped in an ethics scandal that generates a new tremor of public distrust. As a consequence of these endless scandals, the ethics phenomenon is often a major part of the news. Ethics is a philosophical term that comes from the Greek word, ‘ethos’, meaning personality or norm (Griseri Seppala, 2010). This definition is relevant to efficient leadership in business organizations in that, it refers to an organization code of exhibiting moral uprightness and unswerving values in service to the public (Trevino Nelson, 2010). Sims (2003) posits that in order to understand corporate ethics, it is useful to comment on the relationship between ethics and morality. Ideally, ethics can be perceived as a combination of moral doctrines or standards. On the other hand, morality is a system or doctrine of moral conduct. Corporate ethics, therefore, is concerned with right and wrong behavior and practices within a business context. There are two types of corporate of business ethics: normative business ethics and descriptive business ethics (Griseri Seppala, 2010). Swartz (2011) states that normative business ethics seek to propose some principle or principles for distinguishing ethical and unethical in the business context. This type of ethics lays emphasis on developing norms or principles by which business might be controlled or evaluated. On the other hand, descriptive business ethics focuses on grasping what is taking place; the realm of behavior, actions, decisions and polices. This type of ethics deals with what is the prevailing set of standards in the business community (Keinert, 2008). Benefits of corporate ethics The benefits of corporate ethics cannot be overlooked in the contemporary business environment. For today’s business leaders and mangers, leading and administrating ethically also entails managing with honesty. Keinert (2008) holds that honesty runs throughout an organization. It models, influences and maintains the values, tone, climate, or culture of the organization; communication among all its members; and commitment, imagination, and realism of everyone in the organization (Trevino Nelson, 2010). Ethics initiatives hold up employee growth and significance (Swartz, 2011). Focus on ethics in the business aids employees face reality in the organization. They help them feel confidence in dealing with whatever comes their way. Ethical climates and organizational ethics help ensure that policies are legal (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007). Emphasis on ethics ensures exceedingly ethical policies and measures in the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Management-Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, corporate ethics emphases facilitate avoidance of criminal indulgences; hence, lowering fines. E thics programs recognize ideal standards and make certain that organizational behaviors are aligned with those standards (Griseri Seppala, 2010) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) The previous segment of this report laid emphasis on the organization need to be ethical. As discussed in the segment, organizations should strive to create strong ethical cultures that support employee ethics. Keinert (2008) argues that managers should lead their employees in an ethical direction. Individual and organizational ethical decision-making and behavior requires taking into consideration harms and benefits to those outside the organization. The organization’s relationship with its external stakeholders, usually referred to as corporate social responsibility (CSR) is very important (Swartz, 2011). Reasons for engaging in CSR Vilcox Mohan (2007) state that in today’s highly interconnected, global, and transparent world, corporations are finding that social responsibility is esse ntial to fundamental business strategy. Corporations are also finding that it is difficult to separate internal organizational ethics (discussed in the previous segment), from external social responsibility. There are three major reasons as to why companies care about social responsibility. These are pragmatic, ethical, and strategic reasons (Keinert, 2008). Under the pragmatic approach to corporate social responsibility, a firm’s management scans the environment and is on alert to act in ways that avoid economic harm, maintain legitimacy, and ensure a good corporate reputation (Griseri Seppala, 2010). This approach is mainly reactive and acts on stakeholder’s concerns only after they are voiced. A more proactive, ethical reason for corporate social responsibility argues that businesses, as part of society, have a responsibility to behave ethically. Social responsibility is as integral to the business as is economic performance (Urip, 2010). A third reason to be socia lly responsible is a strategic one. This approach is grounded on the basis that business needs a healthy society because only a health society can produce a productive workforce, and the rules of the road that make business transactions possible (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A healthy society also needs business to innovate, crate jobs, goods, and series, and pay the taxes that support societal activities. Therefore, the best CSR initiatives will be simultaneously good for business and for the society (Swartz, 2011). The strategic approach to corporate social responsibility offers mangers a stronger basis for making decisions about which stakeholders and social responsibility issues should garner their attention and resources given the multitude of options available (Keinert, 2008). Benefits of CSR Just like corporate ethics, corporate social responsibility has various benefits to the stakeholders. Although it may prove costly issue in the short run, the long term benefits of CSR can be overlooked (Urip, 2010). To the government, CSR has the following benefits. To begin with, it leads to development and acceleration of microeconomic sustainable growth through the use of good governance and best practices. To the local community and society, CSR changes the habits of society and improves quality of life (Swartz, 2011). Through capacity building, CSR creates employment and wealth. On the side of the corporations, CSR provides growth, profit, image, and competitive edge. It leads to community acceptance and goodwill (Keinert, 2008). In addition, CSR is a source of pride and inspiration to employees, and their families, alongside providing genuine dialogue with stakeholders. To the world and the environment, CSR results to waste management because of concern to the environment, which leads to balanced ecosystems, and green and clean environment (Sims, 2003). Global outsourcing With the advent of globalization and improved levels of competition, many firms have started to have considerable difficulties in developing and maintaining the variety of know-how and skill needed to compete effectively (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). The mergence of American, European, Japanese, and Third World multi-nations has created a new competitive en vironment, requiring the globalization, or at least semi-globalization of corporate strategy. This need has led many companies to engage with various kinds of sourcing strategies such as outsourcing, offshore outsourcing, near shoring, and on shoring (Barrar Gervais, 2006). Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks (2009) posit that sourcing is the process in which work is delegated or contracted to another party which may not be necessarily located near the organization. Outsourcing is defined as contracting with a third service provider for the management and completion of work in a given period, cost, and level of service (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). Offshoring refers to the relocation of organizational activities such as finance and accounting, back office and human resources, to a wholly owned subsidiary or an independent service provider in another country (Burkholder, 2009). The growth of global outsourcing has been attributed to many factors. To begin with, technological advances in the telecommunications industry and the Internet have shrunk space and time and have enabled the coordination of organizational activities at the global level (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). Other reasons include the supply of skilled, yet low-cost, labor in countries such as India; the investments in infrastructure; the improved business, economic, and political climate in a number of developing countries. Other reasons why companies engage in global outsourcing include the standardization of Information Technology processes and communication protocols that contribute to the efficiency of inter-organizational activities (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). The nature of outsourcing is diverse. Some firms now outsource core activities so extensively that they no longer engage in production, as traditionally understood. Inbound and outbound logistics are being extremely outsourced also. Other firms are extensively outsourcing secondary value-chain activities such as information tech nology, accounting systems, distribution, aspects of human resources management and research and design (Burkholder, 2009). Despite its increasing importance, many firms do not understand the payback and costs of outsourcing. At the same time, the outsourcing firm is unavoidably bestowing at least part of its fortune to firms that are seeking to maximize their profits (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks (2009) argue that while outsourcing is often referred to as an alliance, the contracting parties inevitably have conflicted interests. The strategic objective of outsourcing decision-makers should seek to maximize the net benefits of outsourcing relative to the in-house provision of value-chain activities. In practice, this can often be simplified to minimizing the total costs of outsourced good or activity. However, costs must be viewed comprehensively (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). Costs consist of expenditures for the good itself and the costs associ ated with governing the outsourcing transaction. This raises a number of fundamental questions relating to governance costs such as how the firm can assess the possible governance expenses that crop up form outsourcing, and under what circumstances can these governance costs be reduced (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). Burkholder (2009), states that investors expect outsourcing to create value for shareholders. The purpose of outsourcing is to lower the purchase price of some input by taking advantage of external supplier’s lower costs, or improve the quality of some input by purchasing some superior capability from an external supplier. In either case, the supplier’s advantage will be one that is not easily imitable. If the firm could easily imitate the cost or capability advantage outside suppliers, it could produce the activity in-house (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). The acquisition of superior capabilities can also be thought of in cost-saving terms-superior capabilities could only be produced at the same quality within the firm at higher cost. However, it is usual in the business strategy literature to analyze each activity on the value chain in terms of the firm’s ability to lower cost or improve quality, or more broadly, to in some way differentiate their production process (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). Holliday, Schmidheiny, Watts (2002) argues that the costs of outsourcing must be compared to the costs of internal production of the activity. Many inputs are inevitable outsourced; therefore, outsourcing is really only a further step on the continuum from purchasing and procurement. There are a number of production cost rationales for outsourcing. The most basic is that internal production of the activity entails production at levels that are too low to be efficient, that is, to achieve minimum efficient scale (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). The most significant economies of scale may relate to secondary scale-value activities such as administrative and information systems, knowledge and learning, access to capital markets and marketing. Similarly, economies of scope are becoming a rationale for outsourcing. With the advent of flexible manufacturing, the potential for economies of scale has increased dramatically (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). Firms that can utilize the same production equipment for a range of products have a significantly cost advantage compared to smaller firms. Disadvantages of global outsourcing However, there exist several disadvantages to adopting outsourcing strategies. Loss of critical skills or overdependence on an outside organization for carrying out important business functions may evolve into significant threats to a company’s well-being (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). Furthermore, security and confidentiality of data can be of great concern to many companies (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). On these grounds, it is critical that a company manages its sourcing strat egy in a way that is not nurturing a future competitor. With regard to outsourcing arrangements, it is important to note that there some risks that are specifically linked to these (Burkholder, 2009). For instance, outsourcing is usually followed by changes in the organization structure. Redundancies and layoffs are commonplace in outsourcing structure (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). CSR and Global outsourcing As mentioned earlier, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a priority item on the agenda of every business organization. As global outsourcing continues to be a buzz word in the business milieu, the stakeholders of this new wave have begun to embrace corporate social responsibility in their undertakings (Keinert, 2008). In addition to customer requirements, outsourcers are reacting to societal needs, governments regulations and employee expectations. What, then, is the place of corporate social; responsibility in global outsourcing? The next segment of this report han dles this question. Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willock (2009) posit that With many large companies centralizing and downsizing, their managers do not know what their subcontractors are doing. As such, although global outsourcing may be an appropriate decision by a firm, the decision to outsource should factor in more than the company’s needs, but also those of the communities it will operate with (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007). It is possible for an overseas to outsource to a firm in a developing nation. It is commonplace that the rules of business operation are not as demanding as in developed nations. As such, such companies may engage in unethical behaviors that may be a risk to the society the company is operating in. Just as, the company is eager to adhere to the rules of the game in their in-house company, the same principle should be applied even in the out-house operations. Unethical behavior will taint the reputation of the company regardless of the area of operation. As such, it is increasingly becoming imperative for companies engaged in global outsourcing to embrace corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Vilcox Mohan, 2007). Similar to the case of normal in-house operations, outsourcing is beneficial to the stakeholders in different ways. Although the benefits of corporate social responsibility were discussed in the segment of this report about corporate ethics and corporate social responsibility, it would not be redundancy to explore further some benefits that the concept can bring to firms, especially those engaging in global outsourcing (Griseri Seppala, 2010). Companies with good community relations can help raise awareness of unforeseen issues or problems, avoid unnecessary conflicts and hostility, and generate a better working atmosphere for staff from outside the area (Urip, 2010). Benefits of CSR in global outsourcing Companies engaged in global outsourcing can reap three benefits from CSR. These include brand value and reputation, improvemen ts in human capital, and revenue generation, particularly in large and yet undeveloped markets (Barrar Gervais, 2006). Companies that flaunt or ignore human rights run a real, demonstrable risk of seeing their share price drop as a direct result. Whereas community initiatives have a weak, yet positive, impact on shareholder value, bad community management can destroy reputation and seriously endanger financial performance (Holliday, Schmidheiny, Watts, 2002). A commitment to social responsibility can build the competence and vitality of a company and guide it along a course of knowledge and innovation-based success. Positive links between social and financial performance are emerging, particularly in light of the growing relevance of intangible assets, such as reputation, brands and knowledge networks (Holliday, Schmidheiny, Watts, 2002). Recommendations The case of great giants in the business milieu falling due to a mishap in their CSR or global outsourcing is a lesson for cont emporary managers. As such, there are a number of recommendations that modern leaders in the business milieu can take home from the discussions presented in this report on corporate ethics, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and global outsourcing. These are: They should not overlook the payback of corporate ethics. For today’s business leaders and managers, leading and administrating ethically entails managing with honesty. Honesty runs throughout an organization. It models, influences and maintains the values, tone, climate, or culture of the organization; communication among all its members; and commitment, imagination, and realism of everyone in the organization.. Business leaders should be vigilant to embrace CSR as it leads to development and acceleration of microeconomic sustainable growth through use of good governance and best practices. This results to a market atmosphere favorable for both local and foreign investors. To the local community and society, CSR ch anges the habits of society and improves quality of life. Through capacity building, CSR creates employment and wealth. On the side of the corporations, CSR provides growth, profit, image, and competitive edge. Concerning global outsourcing and CSR, companies should first be aware of the costs in the outsourcing process. Global outsourcing should be aimed at reducing costs, and achieving high quality product at the minimal costs. Companies engaging in global outsourcing should embrace even be more vigilant to embrace CSR as they involve out-house operations CSR is important in global outsourcing as it leads to brand value and reputation, improvements in human capital, and revenue generation. Conclusion In conclusion, as the world of business embraces for the dynamic nature of this milieu especially in the 21st century, there is a need for firms to not only consider the legal requirement in their operations, but also put the wider society into perspective. This is true in spite of w hether a company is engaged in outsourcing or not. In fact, companies engaged in global outsourcing should be more enthusiastic in CSR as they are operating in communities away from their normal station. As such, they can easily engage in unethical conducts, and yet go unpunished. Reference List Barrar, P., Gervais, R., 2006. Global outsourcing strategies: an international reference on effective outsourcing. London: Gower Publishing Ltd. Burkholder, N., 2009. Outsourcing: the definitive view, applications and implications. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Contractor, F., Kumar, V., Kundu, S., 2010. Global outsourcing and offshoring: an integrated approach to theory and corporate strategy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Griseri, P., Seppala, N.,2010. Business ethics. New York: Cengage Learning. Holliday, C., Schmidheiny, S., Watts, P., 2002. Walking the talk: the business case for sustainable development. New York: Berrett-Koehler. Keinert, C., 2008. Corporate social responsib ility as an international strategy. Berlin: Springer. May, S., Cheney, G., Roper, J., 2007. The debate over corporate social responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., Willocks, L., 2009. The handbook of global outsourcing and offshoring. London: Palgrave Macmilllan. Sims, R., 2003. Ethics and corporate social responsibility: why giants fall. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. Swartz, M., 2011. Corporate social responsibility: an ethical approach. London: Broadview Press. Trevino, L., Nelson, K., 2010. Managing business ethics. London: John Wiley and Sons. Urip, S., 2010. CSR strategies: Corporate social responsibility for a competitive edge in emerging markets. London: John Wiley and Sons. Vahistha, A., Vashistha, A., 2006. The offshore nations: strategies for success in global outsourcing and offshoring. London: McGraw-Hill Professional. Vilcox, M., Mohan, T., 2007. Contemporary issues in business ethics. New York: Nova Publishers.

Foreign Policy in Libya Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foreign Policy in Libya - Assignment Example So far, the United States has engaged her Air and Naval Forces in the Libyan war. The involvement of the United States in the Libyan War has been a subject of intense debate between the United States Congress and the President Obama Administration. Indeed, the United States operation in the Libya has attracted mixed reactions within the American political landscape with the Republicans challenging the Obama administration of unconstitutionally dragging the United States to a foreign war and the White House countering the criticisms by arguing that the United States military campaign in Libya â€Å"fell short of full-blown hostilities† (Savage A1). In fact, Republican John A. Boehner, House Speaker, requested the Obama administration to provide a legal justification for engaging the United States in a foreign war beyond 60 or 90 days without notifying Congress. Even some Democrats such as Dennis J. Kucinich, has join side with Republicans to file a lawsuit to order Obama to pul l out of Libya (Steinhauer A16). These oppositions, notwithstanding, Mr. Obama enjoys the support of some Republicans and Democrats. For instance, Senator John MaCain, a Republican, teamed up with Senator John Kerry, a Democrat to support the Obama involvement in Libyan War by sponsoring legislation that will officially authorize the Libyan operation (Smith).

Interpersonal Communication - Listening Skills - Communication Essay

Interpersonal Communication - Listening Skills - Communication apprehension, Compliance-gaining method or Social Exhange theory and relational currencies (p. 22 - Essay Example the communicator may ignore the fact that his/her request is unrealistic or extremely dominant, so the framework is not a remedy against one’s narrow-mindness or inability to empathize, i.e. extrapolate the other person’s situation on his/her own conditions and experience the same emotions and aspirations. It is also important to understand that those techniques should be used wisely, especially when combining some of them, as the sixteen strategies are quite diverse and often incompatible with each other. The situations, described by Trenholm and Jensen include the need for reaching consent with a senior, who will be asked for providing her basement for noisy party. Another case study employs gaining compliance with a person, who will be asked for small service – feeding the communicator’s cat for two days. Another case contains the situation, when it is necessary to ask a stranger for a service, i.e. impose to him certain behavior. As one might assume, the component of persuasion is presented in all cases, so the scholars, referring to appropriate investigations, conclude that communicators are expected to build their requests in a friendly and polite manner, which would make him/her attractive to an interlocutor. The first strategy, promise, is associated with basic human needs and deriving motivations, which include the reference to mercantile human nature as a universal law. Rewards are gained as positive reinforcement which stimulates individuals to go ahead with their useful deeds. On the contrary, threat is used in order to intimidate an interlocutor, so the main precondition for this strategy is trust to the communicator, or, in some sense, asymmetric relationship between the two persons (threats are often used with children, as they perceive negative reinforcement a bit stronger than reward). Expertise is one more usable strategy, as it points to communicator’s knowledge of positive consequence, which

Market Watch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Watch - Essay Example When we say that markets are not isolated, this is tantamount in saying that studying the economy of one country alone, say the United States being the most powerful country in the world, is enough to predict the international economic and financial gush. Stock traders have to be keen over the fluctuations in the bond market and bond traders in return must also pay attention to the oscillations of the commodity markets. However, in trading stocks and bonds as well as with the Foreign Exchange market (FOREX) it is not compulsory to thoroughly understand the various relationship that exists, all that is required that knowledge on specific trends, flows and oscillations are demonstrated and their cunning applications to trade decisions. Figure 1 shows the relationship between the four markets sectors, the currency (i.e. USD), the commodity market, the bonds, and stocks. As observed in the figure below, USD had a bearish influence on commodity market, the weak commodity market suggest a raise in the bond market and this raise in bonds in turn influences stocks trend. In order to realize the economic premise the ties commodities, currencies, bonds and stocks, it is necessary to underpin knowledge of the international business cycles and what happens to an economy during expansions and recessions. In most countries particularly in the United States of America, the bond is dubbed as an excellent indicator of the economy. A rising bond trend is an indicator that the economy is gaining momentum and strength; while a weaker bond market means that there is a possibility for economic backlash. During this period, the stock market in turn profits from the fluctuations of the bond market, hence traders bonds along with the stock market and vice versa. Bonds and stocks are common indicators of the health of the economy, for they turn down prior to a recession and bottom out if

Production Strategies Adopted by Toyota

Production Strategies Adopted by Toyota Constantly since the company was founded in 1937, The TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION and their supplementary (TOYOTA), have incessantly strived to contribute to the sustainable expansion of society and the earth through the developed and provision of high-quality and innovative products and services. Through these continuous efforts, they have established a corporate philosophy that has been passed down from creation to generation throughout the company and which has come to be known as the Guiding Principles at Toyota (originally issued in 1992, revised in 1997; the Guiding Principles. they have also put TOYOTAs standards and methods in written form, in the Toyota Way (issued in 2001). Such values and methods must be shared globally among us to realize the Guiding Principles and they are seeking to pass these on to future generations. Through these efforts and by Passing down business viewpoint and values and methods, they are steadfastly striving to understand the creation of a prosperou s society by making things. TOYOTA has long-demonstrated its dedication to contributing to sustainable development. As their business operations have become increasingly global, they need to reconfirm their corporate philosophy and have issued an explanatory paper in January 2005 unconstrained Contribution towards Sustainable Development. This paper interprets the Guiding Principles from the stand point of how TOYOTA can work toward sustainable development in its interactions with its stakeholders. They believe that by implementing the Guiding Principles in maneuver, TOYOTA will successfully fulfill its expected contribution towards sustainable development. Therefore, as stated in the Guiding Principles and descriptive paper, we must meet the terms with local, national and worldwide laws and system, counting the strength thereof, and act with humbleness, honesty and truthfulness. compare to when the Code of Conduct for Toyota Employees was first issued in 1998, TOYOTAs existence in civilization has to a great e xtent augmented and also new laws and policy have been recognized, such as for the defense of individual data. With this surroundings in intellect, we have revised the existing code of conduct and shaped the Toyota Code of Conduct in order to communicate the elementary approach necessary to motivate sustained confidence in TOYOTA, to respect and comply with the laws, and to maintain our honesty and integrity. I would mainly like to ask each one of you, as a person working for TOYOTA, to be aware that you are a necessary donor to the success of TOYOTA. In this period of global opposition, borderless trade, and diversification, TOYOTA wishes to conduct business in an open and flaxen means. TOYOTA aims to become the most appreciated, esteemed and trusted company in the world by its customers and society. Accomplishing this goal requires that each one of us is aware of TOYOTAs respected reputation and standing in the community, the gratefulness their owe to customers and society, and th e necessary respect of laws and regulations. Therefore, they must each act in a unwavering, sure-footed, and thorough way, and in agreement with common sense and good judgment. I imagine and ask you to carefully read this Toyota Code of Conduct and to implement the spirit within March.. After the Second World battle, the allocation of World economic authority was wholly rearranged. Prior to the battle, Europe and the USA lined the world marketplace. The administration of Western companies was based on the Scientific Management by Frederick Winslow. This intellectual basis characterizes the begin of industrialization, lead to mass production and to fabulous output increases. Yet subsequent to the war, new company appeared on the playground, whose work was based on a viewpoint, on methods and rules unknown before. At the same time as Western managers bowed to short-term thoughts to satisfy shareholders and to everlasting reform, the new actors intense on frequent development in the quality of products, consistency of processes and qualification of employees. Toyota is one of these new companies, which regardless of the ferocious opposition due to overload production capacity in the automobile industry of around 25 % outperforms Western opposition in every aspect, in t echnological innovation, in customer satisfaction, in continuous growth and in profit. In 2004 Toyota passed Ford to become the second major automobile manufacturer. prior to long, Toyota will overtake General Motors flattering the largest car company in the world most likely having no less than 15% of the world marketplace. Toyota will achieve continuous success in the automobile industry in the light of their innovations. FOUNDER OF TOYOTA In a nutshell the companys objective is to have: Action Commitment Teamwork for becoming #1 in the world Explanation of the Project The core concept of the project is to understand the benefits of controlling the waste material, the strategy introduced by Toyota which is Toyota production system and the benefits of TPS. How much this crucial innovation helped in achieving customer satisfaction around the world? TPS explain how it became the leading automobile manufacturers by following its strategy. Thus this research project covers all the aspects of TPS and provides the best outcome. CHAPTER Literature review The Toyota Way Author: Jeffery K. Liker The Toyota concept: In the 1980s, Toyota started making its mark, on the world highway, as a sturdy car that lasted long and required less of maintenance than American cars. Today, the Company is the worlds most profitable car manufacturer, consistently producing high-quality cars using fewer man-hours and less on hand inventories. To this day, Toyota continues to raise the bar in manufacturing, production development and process excellence. TPS and Lean Production: The Toyota Way explains the management principle and business philosophy behind Toyotas success. It narrates Toyotas approach to Lean Production (known as the Toyota Production System TPS, which it invented in the 1940s and 50s) and the 14 principles that drive Toyota towards quality and excellence. The book also explains how one can adopt the same principles to improve ones business processes, while cutting down on operations and production costs. Toyota invented Lean Production in the 1940s and 50s. The Company focused on eliminating wasted time and material from every step of the production process (from raw materials to finished goods). The result was a fast and flexible process that gives the customers what they want, when they want it, of the highest quality and at most affordable cost. Toyota improved production by eliminating wasted time and resources, building quality into workplace systems, finding low-cost and yet reliable alternatives to expensive new technology, perfecting business processes and building a learning culture for continuous improvement. How Toyota Became the Worlds Best Manufacturer: After World War II. While Ford and GM used mass production and economies of scale, Toyota faced very different business conditions. Toyotas market was very small but it had to produce a variety of vehicles on the same assembly line to satisfy customers. The solution: making the operations flexible. This resulted in the birth of TPS. TPS borrowed some of its ideas from the United States. The core idea of the Just in Time (JIT) system came from the concept of the pull-system, which was inspired by the American supermarkets. In the pull system, individual items are replenished as each item begins to run low on the shelf. Applied to Toyota, it means that the first step in the process is not completed until the second step uses the materials or supplies from Step 1. At Toyota, every step of the manufacturing process uses Kanban to signal to the previous step when its part needs to be replenished. The Company was also inspired by W. Edwards Deming, who, aside from broadly defining customers to include internal and external clients, also encouraged Toyota to adopt a systematic approach to problem solving, which became a cornerstone for continuous improvement (known as Kaizen). Eliminating Waste: The purpose of TPS is to minimize time spent on non-value adding activities by positioning the materials and tools as close as possible to the point of assembly. The major types of non-value adding waste in business or production process are overproduction, waiting or time on hand, unnecessary transport or conveyance, over processing or incorrect processing, excess inventory, unnecessary movement, defects and unused employee creativity. One of the keys to success of Toyota is that it lives by the philosophy of self-reliance and a let us do it ourselves attitude. This can be best illustrated when it ventured into the luxury car industry. It did not buy a company that already made luxury cars. Rather, it created its own luxury division the Lexus from scratch, in order to learn and understand the essence of a luxury car. CHAPTER Aims Of The Study 1. Aim of the study: Toyota strategies in controlling the wastage of Material Toyota Production System (TPS) Primary, of course, it trained the recent car manufacturing how to make cars appropriately. Only some had heard of the Toyota Production System (TPS) until three academics in the car industry study planned run by (MIT). It described the philosophy and practices at the back the just-in-time mechanized system urbanized at Toyota by Taiichi Ohno. He in revolve had haggard motivation from W. Edwards Deming, an powerful statistician and quality-control specialist who had played a big part in mounting the rapid-manufacturing processes used internationally during the Second World battle. At the heart of TPS is removal of waste and absolute attentiveness on reliable high quality by a process of nonstop enhancement. The memorable just-in time aspect of bringing parts jointly just as they are required on the procession is only the clearest materialization of the persistent drive to remove sludge waste) from the industrialized process. ILLUSTRATION OF DIAGRAME: Toyota production system TPS is the combination is the combination of just in time inventory (JIT) and Jidoka In the above diagram exemplify the continuous flow work because the supplier are available to provide the inventory and without any shortage work is complete on time and all works starts same time and end up at same time. On the contrary the Jidoka systems of inventory stops and notify the abnormalities, work is done in separate settings manual work and automatic work finished separately without depending each other. Justification of Aim: Just-In-Time (Jit) Just in time production system eliminate the wastage of inventory because there is no warehouses cost would incur whenever the inventories are required the suppliers fulfill the demand and in the case of Toyota develop strong line with the supplier, if any supplier not able to provide the inventory on time the other supplier provides immediately Through just in time inventory system the product not suffers due to the shortage of material and availability issue completely resolved. Just in time inventory (JIT) system is one of the tremendous innovations of Japanese automobile industry initially introduced by Toyota and now implemented in all automobile manufacturing concerns. Toyota production system TPS is now working efficiently by adopting the just in time inventory system and it overcome the issue of overproduction and assist in making instant decisions. 2. Aim Of The Study: Efficiency Effectiveness of Production Process. A wide number of principles and practices can be employed to achieve the efficiency and effectiveness of production process. As management once noted, people instinctively know to eliminate waste once it is identified as such, so the task of reducing waste often centers first around identifying unnecessary uses of human, capital, or physical resources. After waste is targeted, new processes or practices can be devised to deal with it. Justification of Aim Process Enhancement One of the crucial aspects of controlling the wastage and enhancing the production efficiency through this amazing system introduced by Toyota which is Toyota production system TPS, this process saves time and cost and increase the ratio of profit. Earlier the production is languish in the warehouses and operating cycle duration increasing and all the cost incur due to the longer operating cycle time. another problem that worker spent their time and efforts on arranging the material which is directly related to the production of the product and all the system depend to each other and push strategy being used. However Toyota eliminates the traditional process and come up with the latest innovation which is TPS. Worth Added Toyota production system TPS, one of the vital technique launching by Japanese manufacturing concern which differentiate the action and put the added worth in the product and these additional features that makes product prominent not incur any cost which is base on the idea which comes in mind . the main focus of any manufacturing concern is to minimize the cost and to maximize the level of profit but its just like a word but Toyota converts these words into reality by providing value added services in the form of Toyota production system, extra cost cuts, inspecting cost, warehouses cost, outsourcing cost, opportunity cost and time delays issue completely resolved and by incurring the lower cost achieve the best quality which fulfill the market demand. Excellence By Design Another aspect of capturing the market Japanese manufacturing concern is a striking concentration to the design of the product that will attract to the customer through its Toyota production system and develops incomparable products in the market that makes difference to all other automobile manufacturing concern and provide 100% satisfaction to the customer which is the true evidence of Toyota success in the form of large market share of Toyota in all over the world. Toyota production system improves the production process and brings the positive results that helps to resolve current problem which Toyota is facing and for planning the safest future strategies and for best outcome. Order-Based Production Order base production system is one of the crucial strategy adopted by Toyota the concept behind the order base production system is to eliminate the cost of overproduction and also the cost of warehouses in which the product are standstill for selling. The order base system makes the order on the behalf of market need and demand rather than production capacity this process saves the maintenance cost of machinery eliminate the extra expenses some of which are directly or indirectly related to the manufacturing of the product and also one imperative aspect is to save a lot of time and order base production process provide brand new product to the customer and this process also a best tool to monitor the inflation cost which depends upon the whole economy scenario. Order base production system assist in setting the prices and eliminating the wastage of materiel. CHAPTER METHODOLOGY Qualitative Quantitative sources of data. Primary Source Of data Data collection is the step which needs much more concentration of the researcher because if this step is good enough then the research will be effective and efficient. I have used the source Interview and general observations as my instruments for primary data collection. We shall also refer to books, magazines and internet to make our research more comprehensive. Additionally a quantitative analysis also done through generating hypothesis and implementing a Z-test method. b) Interviews I have conducted interviews from the other managers and HR manager to acquire the accurate information. I have conducted structured interviews for collecting information. SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA The already existing data has about the banking sector had been collected from the following secondary sources: Web site of the company I collected the information about the history, mission, and vision statements from the website of the company. I used internet to collect more information that comes in secondary source of data. Following are the other sources that also helped me to better understand the procedures and methods being used in Toyota automobile manufacturing concern. Books Case Studies RESEARCH DESIGN Research design is a step by step process. It provides the basis for testimony. The need of the research itself determines the methodology and the design of the research. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this research report is to explore the Production strategies adopted by Toyota to minimize wastage of material. A lot of research work has been done on the production process of Toyota, but a little research work is done on Production strategies adopted by Toyota to minimize wastage of material, so this shows that this is an exploratory research work. TYPES OF INVESTIGATION: Our type of investigation is correlation because we find the important variables or factors that contribute their part in providing an edge to Toyota production system TPS EXTENT OF RESEARCHER INTERFERENCE To conduct this research our interference in the environment was minimal. .STUDY SETTING: The study setting in our research is non contrived (natural) because we have not created any artificial environment for our research. This reason for keeping non contrived study setting is because we took a number of interviews, and research is being conducted in the natural environment of the Toyota. UNIT OF ANALYSIS: In our research unit of analysis is group because in this research, we conduct interview to the Hr. Managers and employees and from some loyal people of Toyota. We collect the data from this specific group who use Toyota. TIME HORIZON: Cross sectional studies are those in which the data are collected just once over a period of days, in order to answer a research questions. Same is the case with our research because we collected the data in one shot and not again. Ethical Consideration TOYOTA will fulfill with related laws and business procedures, interior business policies and rules. Toyota always focus to the social norms and values that makes history and heritage of Toyota and strictly govern all the business policies and take timely action to the any violence of the rule. Toyota not compromise to the quality and commitment which are its core principles. Toyota adopt the strategy to make the customer forever not for once and for that Toyota never motivate to an illegal way but it offers the tremendous services that catches the heart of customers. The Toyota Company strictly banned to making any unethical advertisement that will defame the market of the Toyota motors in the eye of the customer and also beyond to its code of conduct. Toyota company also not compromise with the safety of its product which it offer in the number of ways and Toyota will also educate people to create awareness of new innovation and for betterment of the customer , employees and for the sake of company ultimate growth and prosperity. CHAPTER 5 Results RESULTS Null Hypothesis In generating hypothesis we assumed that our population is normally distributed. We use Z-Score method to test our hypothesis. By studying the literature review which contains the different researches and studies conducted in different universities, on the basis of these studies we are assuming that 65% of employees said that Toyota Production system TPS is the ultimate solution to controlling waste material. We are also assuming the same percentage for the employee of Toyota Company who said that TPS is the ultimate solution to controlling waste material. So our null hypothesis is: H0: P = 65% or 0.65 Alternate Hypothesis Now our assumed percentage of the employee of Toyota Company who said that TPS is the ultimate solution to controlling waste material could be greater or lesser than 65% and we can show it by alternate hypothesis which is: H1: P à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   65% or 0.65 Level of Significance We assumed the level of significance ÃŽÂ ± = 0.05 Critical Region Since it is a two tail test so ÃŽÂ ±/2 = 0.025 On the basis of the level of significance the critical region is: -1.96 Computations Analysis of our interviews, which had a random sample size of 120, show that 50% of the employees said that Toyota Production system TPS is the ultimate solution to controlling waste material. Now by using the Approximation formula Z = (x n P0) / à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ (n P0 q0) Where X = 60 (50% of 120) n = 120 (sample size) P0 = 0.65 q0 = 0.35 [q0 =1- P0] Z = (60 120 * 0.65) / à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ (120 * 0.65 * 0.35) = -3.44 Result: Because Z-Scores value computed by normal approximation does not lie in critical region, we did not find sufficient evidences to accept our Null Hypothesis. We further concluded that less than 65% of employee said Toyota Production system TPS is the ultimate solution to controlling waste material. CHAPTER 6: Discussions CONCLUSION Toyota Company is one of the best automobile manufacturing companies of the globe. This has successfully conquered its market through attractive and reliable cars with continuous innovations. In this case, Toyota has main advantage of its efficient production system which is its unique characteristic. Besides that it uses number of marketing tools to maintain its sustainable growth, which is as under Research and development Toyota focusing on innovation, for that innovation they conduct research and collect information about market, customers etc and they always come up with new ideas, brings new cars With more feature of comforts Customer relationship management (CRM) They consider customer as king, and realize their importance in their business operation So they develop long term relation with them to best identify their characteristic in order to give them extra value and satisfaction Compliance with laws and regulation Toyota is global leader and markets its product in numerous countries, so for that it must need to understand rules regulation of every country to perform its business operations. So it always complies with national and international laws and regulation being socially responsible. Stakeholder relationship Toyota respect its stakeholders, who have some stake or interest in your organization, like customer, investors, suppliers, dealers etc so Toyota focuses on how to make them satisfied for smooth operations of business E-Business operations Toyota also started its e- business in many countries, so its good marketing strategy to facilitate customers and dealers to transact on computer (internet) Promotional activities It is almost impossible for multinational company to run without focusing on promotional activities, so Toyota does it recognizes too and stresses promotional activities. Extra customer value and satisfaction Toyota has the image, that it provides high quality and standard of life. It always contribute its efforts to maintain that image among customers, so it created brand equity and has made their customer brand loyal Participative management Toyota welcome suggestion from every working unit, encourage creativity from every employee of organization. Who shows creativity and innovation brings competitive advantage For Toyota, than it reinforce them by rewarding Recommendations Operations are strictly run by a sustainable business strategy in order to control the wastage of material, which is passed on from one generation to the other and not by short-term decision making or by the attitudes of changing management teams and variable customer tastes. Toyota success comes through continuous efforts and launching incomparable product. Growth comes from the inside out and not through mergers and acquisitions, in other words, growth through continual improvement of products and services and not through continued reform. Toyota always focus to their customer need rather their capacity to produce the product the key point is to control the wastage of material because Toyota adopted the strategy mass customization rather than mass production. Skilled employees are one of the key point of Toyota in achieving their long lasting goals. Toyota employees always work for the sake of the company prosperity. Latest technology is being used like the Toyota production system to eliminate the wastage of material and to compete to the rivals and in order to fulfill the customers desire. Centralized system is being adopted by Toyota all the powers are not in one hand divided into several hands for the interest of employees and staff. Flexible environment the lower cadre easily reaches to the higher cadre and sharing of ideas is the key spot of the success history of Toyota. Remarkable history of Toyota an ultra growth in the automobile industry without any imperfection. Toyota offer flexible working environment, create a culture to stick the setback. New ideas are core area of the success of Toyota. Toyota implements blue ocean strategy in order to make incompetent to their rival. First fuel injected car introduced by Toyota which is his blue ocean strategy and capture the market share of all the automobile manufacturing concerns. Standardised tasks are the foundation for continuous improvement and employee Empowerment. produce leaders who scrupulously comprehend the work, live the values, and educate it to others. Develop exceptional people and teams who follow your companys beliefs. Respect your comprehensive network of associates and suppliers by challenging them and serving them progress. Make decisions slowly by accord, in detail taking into account all options; employ decisions speedily.

Spring Choir :: essays research papers

Spring Choir Concert   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The spring choir concert that I went to was like the percussion concert just with singing. I enjoyed listening to the singers as they sung the different melodies. As I was sitting there listening to the different singers sing I could not help but to think about how strong there voices are and how strong they must be to get over the big space of the performance center. Voice is just lost in such a big space like the one in the Price performance center, they have to work on their voices and make sure that they can sing loud, clear and strong to get it across to the audience. Also, while trying to do that they must make sure that the quality is not lost while trying to increase the loudness of their voice. I could also tell the different voices such as the tenors the sopranos and the altos. I could not help but to realize how these different voices interacted with each other and how without one set the sound would not be the same and would be lost. I don’t und erstand how some people can sing as high as they do, such as the alto section. They must have some hard exercising for their voice to get as high as it does and to sound just as good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I enjoyed watching the way the conductor conducted the choir and I noticed how much effort goes into conducting. At first I thought that he was just waving his hands in the air, but then I realized that there was a pattern to it and that not only keep it on beat but it also did other things as well. I like how when the choir was singing that different parts of it would stop and other parts would keep going and then it would switch and the parts that stopped would start again and the ones that were just singing would then stop. I think that this gave the performance dimension and kept your mind moving and gave u something to think about rather then just the entire choir singing for the entire time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In all, I think the choir concert went very well I thought that the performers did a great job and worked very hard to get where they are today.

What is Valium?

Valium, also known as diazepam, belongs to a group of prescription drugs called benzodiazaines. Valium is used to control agitation due to withdrawals for people suffering from alcoholism. It is also used to relieve muscle spasms, anxiety, and seizures. Diazepam comes in a tablet, a capsule, and liquid to take by mouth. It may be taken with or without food, 1-4 times a day and you must follow the prescription directions carefully. The Diazepam concentrate comes with a dropper, and it must be diluted with water, juice, or carbonated beverages. Some people mix it in applesauce or pudding before taking it. Diazepam may be addicting so doctors recommend that you do not take bigger doses than prescribed, and that you do not stop the medication all of a sudden because it may lead to withdrawals such as anxiousness, irritability, and sleeplessness. Before taking Valium you should tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to diazepam, alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium, Librax), clonazepam (Klonopin), clorazepate (Tranxene), estazolam (ProSom), flurazepam (Dalmane), lorazepam (Ativan), oxazepam (Serax), prazepam (Centrax), temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (Halcion), or any other drugs. People who have myasthenia gravis, severe liver disease, narrow-angle glaucoma, a severe breathing problem, asthma, epilepsy, a history of mental illness, drug or alcohol addiction, suicidal thoughts or behavior, should not take Valium. FDA recommends that a pregnant woman should not take Valium because it may harm the unborn baby. If a woman becomes pregnant while taking Valium, she must tell her doctor because Valium may cause low blood pressure, breathing problems, or addiction and withdrawal symptoms in a newborn baby if the mother takes the medication during pregnancy. Diazepam can pass into the breastmilk and harm the baby while breastfeeding. Sedative effects of Valium may last longer in older adults, and accidental falls occur more in elderly patients who take it. Any one on this medication should not drive or operate heavy machinery while under the influence of Valium. This medicine is not to be given to a child younger than 6 months old because it affects the chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety. Taking alcohol while on Valium can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug, and cigarettes may decrease its effectiveness. Side effects are common and sometimes obvious. They may include drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, gait problems, mental confusion, vertigo, and impaired vision. If restlessness, constipation, difficult or frequent urination, or blurred vision are severe and don’t go away, you should contact your doctor immediately. If you experience seizures, shuffling walk, fever, difficulty breathing or swallowing, you should call your doctor and let him know. In case of an overdose you should call your local poison control center. If the victim is passed out or has stopped breathing, call 911. Do not let anyone else take your medications, and keep it stored out of reach of children. References Gerada C, Ashworth M.. ( 2003 August). Addiction Search. In Valium addiction, treatment, and withdrawal. Retrieved 4/20/2012, from http://www.addictionsearch.com/treatment_articles/article/valium-addiction-treatment-and-withdrawal_19.html. Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD . (1996-2012). MedicineNet.com. In diazepam, Valium. Retrieved April 30, 2012, from http://www.medicinenet.com/diazepam/article.htm.

Strong Verbs List Your Detailed Guide to Strong Verbs [Video + Download]

Strong Verbs List Your Detailed Guide to Strong Verbs [Video + Download] Strong Verbs List: Your Detailed Guide to Strong Verbs [Video + Download] Strong verbs are essential for great writing. Not only do you need to know HOW to use powerful verbs, but having a strong verbs list at your disposal is invaluable. Well cover both for you.I used to think writinga book was easy. And in all honesty, writing has never been the most difficult thing in the world for me but when it comes to writing stories and crafting my writing in a way that compels others and pulls them in deeply, it’s been an uphill battle before I discovered using strong verbs along with interesting and cool words to use, that is.Heres what well cover about strong verbs :What is a strong verb?FREE downloadable 200+ strong verbs listStrong verbs versus weak verbsWeak verbs to replace in writingWhat are to be verbsTo be verbs listHow to use strong verbs the right wayWhy you should use strong verbsStrong action verbs for better writingInever struggled with putting my thoughts on paper or even coming up with the ideas.Nope.My biggest hurdle was bringing the emoti on I was trying to convey to life.And as I delved deeper into the literary world, I quickly realized that using strong verbs is a must if you want to create something that leaves a lasting impact. What is a strong verb?Thanks to every English class growing up, you know a verb is a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence. But what’s the deal with strong verbs? It’s not like they can hit the gym and bulk up, right?A strong verb is a better and more descriptive version of a basic verb that creates a stronger visual and can help create a mood (or vibe) for the scene.Weak VerbStrong Verb VariationsRunBolt, sprint, jogWalkSlink, trot, mopeMakeCreate, forge, foster, brewSaySpeak, voice, purr, mutterSo although you can use the basic verb and still tell the same story, you will create a deeper impact within the reader if you use a strong verb in its place.Strong verbs only help your writingI’ll be real with you here. Using strong verbs will definitely make your writing more intriguing and will increase the chances of someone buying (and loving!) your book.BUT, they won’t help you know how to publish a book that sells.And what’s the point of having incredible writing if you can’t publish it in a way that allows for the world to see it?Well, that’s where we come in. No matter how great your book is, you still need to know how to put it all together, market it, and then self-publish in a way that generates sales.Join Chandler Bolt at his FREE Webinar Training as he reveals the exact tactics and strategies he used to write and publish 6 bestselling books in a row and how he used them to build a 7-figure business in less than 2 years!Spots are limited!Click Here to Save Your SpotStrong verbs VS weak verbsWhat’s the real difference here? How can you tell the difference between a strong verb and a weak one?Since you can’t exactly ask words to flex, you need another system to determine if your verbs are weak or not.Here’s how we define strong verbs vs weak verbs:Weak verbs are the â€Å"basic† forms of a specific action, like â€Å"walked† or â€Å"ran.†Strong verbs are a specified form of a broader action, like â€Å"stomped† or â€Å"bolted.†So the main thing you need to remember when it comes to strong verbs vs weak verbs is how specific it is.HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR WRITING: Use strong verbs instead! Weak verbs are the basic forms of a specific action, like walked or ran. Strong verbs are a specified form of a braoder action, like stomped or bolted.Click To TweetWeak Verbs to Replace in WritingThe weakest verbs you can replace in your writing are to be verbs. These pull your writing quality down and peg you as an amateur.Other weak verbs include basic forms of any verb, like run, walk, say, sit.Now, keep in mind that weak verbs are absolutely okay to use on occasion. The issues arise when youre using these verbs over and over again when there are better, stronger verbs you can use to make your writing more powerful.Sometimes the best verb to use in a situation is the weak verb. Just keep a look out for how often youre using that b asic form so you can beef up your writing by replacing them in other places.What are to be verbs how to replace them in your writing?To be verbs are any verbs used to describe a state of being, including these terms: is, am, are, was were, be, being, been.In order to make your writer stronger, its important when to use them and when theyre making your writing clunky and weak.Here are a few examples of how to replace to be verbs with something stronger:"To Be" Verbs SentenceReplacing "To Be" VerbsReplacing Weak Verb with Strong VerbShe was walking through the corridor.She walked through the corridor.She slinked through the corridor.Conrad is afraid of the dark.Conrad fears the dark.Conrad cowers from the darkness.I was being chased by someone I didn't know.I was chased by someone I didn't know.Someone I didn't know chased after me.I was wanting to visit this forest for as long as I can remember.I wanted to visit this forest for as long as I can remember.I longed to visit this forest for as long as I can remember.To Be Verbs ListOne of the best ways you can strengthen your writing is to use strong to be verbs. These will instantly make your writing more compelling and less amateurish.These are state-of-being verbs like to be verbs to look out for in your writing:AmAreBeBeenBeingCanCouldDidDoDoesHadHasHaveIsMayMightMustShallShouldWasWereWillWouldHow to use strong verbs in writingLittering your writing with strong verbs wont necessarily make it any better. In fact, if you overdo it, those verbs will have the opposite effect.Instead of making your writing stronger, it can bring it down to an amateur level.That being said, I created the video below in order to help you understand how to use strong verbs in your writing the right way. Why use strong verbs for writingBecause your writing will be better overall. One of the best ways you can immediately make our writing stronger is by going through and crossing out each weak verb and replacing it with a better one.Here ’s how your writing will improve when you choose to use strong verbs.#1 Stronger visualsOne of the most important parts of any book is that your readers can get a precise visual. If they’re going through the chapters not fully picturing what’s happening, they won’t be fully invested.And readers who aren’t invested don’t become fans. And they don’t leave reviews. And they don’t buy any other books you publish.Strong verbs take a basic sentence and form a very specific image in the reader’s mind. Doing this throughout the entirety of your book will leave your readers feeling as if they just stepped out of an entirely different world.And that’s exactly what you want.Take these strong verb descriptions for example:She walked into the room, her cape trailing after her.She charged into the room, her cape billowing after her.She strutted into the room, her cape flowing after her.Each of these sentences is extremely simi lar in what they tell you; a girl with a cape entered a room.But changing the verbs from â€Å"walked† to â€Å"charged† to â€Å"strutted† alters the way in which she entered.It tells you the how.And knowing how an action takes place sets up far more than just the image for the reader. It tells them the mood the character’s in, increases suspense in some cases, and even creates anticipation for what’s to follow.#2 More impactful emotionsThe goal of your book (and any book, really) is to make your reader feel something. You want to stir emotions in them.That’s why they read books. That, and they want to be transported to a different world, which strong verbs are also used for.But one of the main reasons to use strong verbs in writing is to create a more emotional impact.When you want to create a strong reaction in your reader, no matter what type of reaction that is, you need to use strong verbs.Here’s an example of creating more anx iety or anticipation in your readers:My heart was beating so fast I could hear it.My heart crashed against my ribs, echoing in my head.Which sentence gives you a clearer picture of the anxiety that must be felt?The second, right.Because replacing â€Å"was beating fast† with â€Å"crashed against my ribs,† shows you just how hard my heartfelt. And thats the difference between a weak verb and a strong one.Strong verbs in writing are the KEY to showing and not telling in order to hook readers.Click To Tweet#3 Helps you show, not tellBy now you know just how important showing versus telling is in writing. And one powerful way to show more and tell less is to use strong verbs.It forces you to think more about the visual you’re trying to show the reader instead of just telling them what happened.Because showing creates a stronger emotional connection between the reader and your book, replacing weak verbs with more powerful ones will hook your readers.For those of yo u who struggle with showing and not telling, focusing on using better verbs will help tremendously.#4 They reduce weak adverbsWhen you’re writing, you may have a tendency to write sentences like, â€Å"I gripped the steering wheel firmly.† While this doesn’t look like a terrible sentence, it also doesn’t convey a very strong visual.Whenever you have an adverb, you should replace it with a stronger verb. That’s all an adverb is. It gives your weak verb a boost but it doesn’t actually make your sentence any stronger.Instead, replace â€Å"gripped firmly† with a powerful verb like â€Å"clenched† or â€Å"squeezed.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I clenched the steering wheel† is a much stronger sentence that gives a clearer visual.Go through your writing and pick out some adverbs to replace. Your writing will be better because of it.#5 They make for more concise writingHave you ever picked up a book that looked decent enoughand even had an awesome title only to start reading and be turned off by how wordy and jumbled it is?Strong verbs prevent this.When you replace weak verbs and adverbs with a single stronger verb, you get rid of the excess writing that can make reading harder.It also saves you a ton of time cutting words during the editing phase.Because you’re using one word to create a strong visual, you won’t have to write more trying to describe how it looks to you. That strong verb does the job for you.This also allows for easier, more fluid writing and reading.Strong action verbs for better writingI won’t lie. One of the most frustrating things to read is a book that lacks strong verbs in scenes that are meant to be full of action.You’ll find this most often in fiction, but nonfiction books can be just as (if not more!) guilty of this. When you have a story that should leave the reader’s heart pounding but it doesn’t even raise their eyebrows, you have to do some diggi ng to improve.Heres a list of strong action verbs to improve your writing:What to do NextIt’s not enough to just know what strong verbs are and how to use them. You actually have to put these tips to use in your own book and implement what you’ve learned.Here’s what you can do right now to improve your writing and your book!#1 Attend your FREE trainingAll of this advice is relatively useless without a plan for finishing, marketing, and self-publishing your book.

As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner Research Paper Example

As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner Research Paper Example As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner Paper As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner Paper Essay Topic: As I Lay Dying â€Å"But now I can get them teeth. That will be a comfort. It will.† –Anse (As I Lay Dying chapter 28.)When most people lose a loved one it can be the most devastating event that happens to a person, but not to Anse Bundren.When Addie Bundren passed away, after being sick for quite a while, Anse, her long time husband, was focused on only one thing, himself. Anse does not take responsibility of his family, he depends on his multiple children for an income, and he is erroneous for his actions.Using God to justify his laziness, greed, and selfishness Anse is the most unreliable character in As I Lay Dying. Anse Bundren was a worker of his own farm. He had his own land, cattle, and fields.He did not live with his own parents on his farm. He would pass a schoolhouse on his way to town and one day caught a glimpse of the schoolteacher, Addie. After passing her schoolhouse multiple times Anse finally gained the courage to talk to her.After Anse asked, Addie accepted a marriage proposal and settled on the idea that she would marry a man like Anse.Even though Addie was not overly thrilled to marry Anse she did not think her life would end in a miserable, unloving marriage. When Addie realized how unhappy her life had become she stated, â€Å"So I took Anse. And when I knew that I had Cash, I knew that living was terrible and that this was the answer to it. That was when I learned that words are no good; that words don’t ever fit even what they are trying to say at.†. Addie and Anse had four children; Cash, Darl, Dewey Dell, and Vardaman. Addie then had an affair with the revere nd. Reverend Whitfield and Addie had a son, Jewel.Jewel was Addie’s escape, he was her favorite child and looking at him made her remember the happier times in her life. When Anse’s sons got old enough Anse put them to work on the farm. Anse’s excuse for his laziness is that â€Å"if he sweats, he will die†.Anse’s children never saw him sweat, b

Composition of the Song of Deborah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Composition of the Song of Deborah - Essay Example Ackroyd, who mainly comments on the authenticity of the historical facts, starts his essay by pointing out the differences between the prose that narrates the story in logical sequences and the poetry, that picks up only the special, particularly selected scenes, both, according to him, are not unnatural and unprecedented. He mentions Carrington's article that talks about King Alfred who as a fugitive was reprimanded by the farmer for allowing the cakes to burn in his royal preoccupations. He agrees with Carrington's argument that in medieval times there was hardly any demarking line between the fact and fiction and it is difficult to authentically agree if such a situation ever arose during King Alfred's fugitive status. Ackroyd finds the relevance of these points with the Song of Deborah and its study because poetry always picks up important points and leaves the rest. Another reason is that a period of a century lies in between the event and its poetical formation. According to Gerlaman the date is an 'unconfirmed presumption' although the poem sounds rather primitive with its tribal sketches of scenes with Jael, Sisera and Sisera's mother. The eye witness accounts might have been exaggerated or colourised. According to his visualisation of the battle, the stage was Israel in Canaan and the poetic glorification of Yahweh and over the years, accounts must have changed, diminished, improved upon, and hope for factual accounts dwindles. He feels that a more scientific historian might have tried to reconstruct the scene later dropping the unwanted elements out of it giving more coherence to certain dull points. He argues that the song should be viewed as a preserver of traditions instead of trying to make it a historical and well-authenticated document. It is not possible to derive exact history of events from this song because the writer himself was confused between the Sisera of the tradition and the captain of Jabin of Hazer's army. Still, the poem is invaluable as a document that could evidence for the days of the writer, and that means only one century this way of the real event. This view is not accepted by all. According to Globe (1974), Song of Deborah is a literary unity. "The poem has a carefully composed structure employing a significant number of recurring literary forms. No detail of the subject matter is out of place in a victory ode of the late second millennium near East" (511). Answering various contradictions about the literary context, recently Labuschagne said: "Like the poems in Exodus 15 and Deuteronomy 32, the Song of Deborah in Judges 5 is an embedded hymn. It is not an inset hymn, because there is no indication whatsoever that the poem had a previous setting from which it was transferred and inserted into its present context" and mostly the scholars are agreeable with this context now. http://www.labuschagne.nl/3.jud5.pdf The story of this fiery female judge who could prophesy, who is also hailed as the Mother of Israel, told once in prose and then in poetry in the book of judges, also tells that she was not a queen, but was equally respected and moved in the male-dominated world of arguably eighth century BC. In the patriarchal set up, this capable woman rises to tell that Israelites are not forgotten by God and guides them during an acute hour of need. Gerleman also says: "The emotional colouring, the ethos which irradiates the Song of Deborah and gives it an inner uniformity has a two-fold source, viz. the fusion of

Description of Step-Wise Multiple Regression statistic test Essay

Description of Step-Wise Multiple Regression statistic test - Essay Example If it is not utilized properly, it may congregate on a wretched model while contributing a false sensation of security. This paper attempts to review in detail the step-wise regression model and its application through SPSS version 21. Definition and Detailed Description of 'Stepwise Regression' According to Investopedia, Step-wise regression is a step-by-step iterative establishment of a regression model that necessitates automatic excerption of independent variables. Stepwise regression can be accomplished either by testing single independent variable at one time and admitting it in the regression model if it is found to be statistically significant, or by admitting all possible independent variables within the model and eradicating those that are found to be statistically insignificant, or by a amalgamation of both methods (Investopedia US, A Division of ValueClick, Inc., 2012). Stepwise multiple regressions provide a way of selecting predictors of a specific dependent variable on the grounds of statistical criteria. Necessarily the statistical methodology determines amongst the various independent variables which one is the most suitable predictor, the more suitable predictor and so the process goes on. The emphasis is on exploring the most suitable predictors at every stage. ... There are various multiple regression variants. Stepwise regression is generally a good option although all variables can be entered simultaneously as a substitute. Similarly, all variables can be entered once and then the predictors are eliminated by and by if elimination does not bring about big changes in the entire prediction. Stepwise regression, in statistics entails regression models within which the selection of predictive variables is drawn out by an automatic process. Ordinarily, this assumes the configuration of a succession of F-tests, but other proficiencies are potential, such as adjusted R-square, t-tests, Akaike criterion, Mallows' Cp, Bayesian criterion or false discovery rate (Draper and Smith, 1981). Principal approaches The major approaches utilized in the step-wise regression model are forward selection, backward elimination and bi directional elimination. Forward selection involves commencing without any variable within the model, examining the inclusion of indi vidual variable utilizing a selected model equivalence criterion, including the variable if any present amongst the various predictors that enhances the model to the best, and iterating this process till none amends the model. Backward elimination involves commencing with all potential variables, examining the exclusion of every variable utilizing a selected model equivalence criterion, eliminating the variable if any present amongst the various independent variables that leads to improvement in the model upon elimination and iterating the process until no more improvement is possible. Bidirectional elimination is a combination of the forward selection and