Early to Middle Childhood Essay

If you ever seen a preschooler rushing off to play with a neighborhood friend, you know the enjoyment that children derive from being with their peers. Aside from this enjoyment, peer relationship is significant to a child’s social development. At the beginning of early childhood up to the middle childhood, children become less dependent on their parents. At the age of 2, children play independently with their toys but later in this period, children will tend to play with interaction. This change in the mode of playing of children will be formalized in the start of school age. Other than enjoyment, play becomes a material for social improvements. It allows children to be more competent in their social interactions with others and serves as a way to develop self-control. They avoid hitting an opponent who outlasted them and they tend to develop control of emotions (Selman et al. , 1983; Feldman, 1982). Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development The theory of psychologist Jean Piaget is the most well known of all the theories in cognitive development. He suggested two stages during early childhood and middle childhood. The movement from one stage to another requires a proper amount of maturation and experiences. Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years) The use of language is the major development during the preoperational stage. In this stage, children develop their sense of representation of the world that allows them to describe people, events, and feelings. They even use symbols in play to represent a particular object. For example, a book that was pushed across the floor is a car for them. Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 12 years) The mastery of the concept of conservation marked the beginning of the concrete operation stage. During this stage, children develop their ability to think in a more logical manner. The egocentrism characteristic of the preoperational period is slowly disappearing in this stage. One of the things that the children learn at this stage is the principle of reversibility, the idea that some changes can be undone by reversing the earlier action that result to the change. Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development In trying to trace the course of social development, Eric Erikson developed the most comprehensive theory of social development. He included two stages during childhood which include the initiative versus guilt stage and the industry versus inferiority stage. Initiative versus Guilt Stage (age 3 to 6) In this stage, the major conflict is the desire of a child to initiate an activity independently but feeling the guilt that bring by the consequences of such activity. Parents take a big part in helping their child to adapt with this stage. They should react positively and take time to resolve problems under this stage. Industry versus Inferiority Stage (age 6-12) During this period, successful psychosocial development is featured by increasing competency across all tasks, may it be social interactions or academic skills. Intelligence Intelligence can take on many different meanings. A person who reason logically and identify more solutions in a problem is considered intelligent. Another is verbal abilities which are also attributed as being intelligent. Intelligence in a more focused meaning is the capacity to understand the world, think critically and rationally and use resources in an effective manner when face with challenges. The first formal intelligent test was performed by Alfred Binet. He used this test to identify the dullest student in Paris school system in order to provide them with corrective assistance. However, theories of intelligence began to unravel the mysteries of our intellect. One of the first theory in intelligence assumed that there was a single factor contributing to mental ability, called the g-factor (Spearman, 1927). Consequently, psychologist L. L. Thurstone suggested that there are several primary mental abilities underlying general intelligence. By using innovative statistical technique, he classified a variety of subcomponents of intelligence which includes numerical ability, reasoning, verbal fluency, memory and verbal comprehension. Other than that, Howard Gardner proposed an idea that we have seven multiple intelligence. In these seven multiple intelligence, musical intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic, linguistic, and interpersonal intelligence can be seen during childhood years. Gender Identity Our society holds well-defined stereotypes about men and women, and they prevail regardless of age, economic status, and social and educational background. Although the difference in many studies about men and women may conclude large difference, still it is not the reality. In considering the differences that were documented, it can be seen that there are more similarity than difference between men and women. One of the most known differences between men and women is their degree of aggression. By the time they are 2 years old, boys tend to show more aggression than girls and this continues throughout their lifespan. Furthermore, during the middle childhood, children are quite different in the level of self-esteem. Girls, on the average, have lower self-esteem compared to boys. References Feldman, R. S. (1982). Development of non-verbal behavior in children. New York: Spriner-Verlag. Harder, A. F. â€Å"The Developmental Stages of Erik Erikson†. Learning Place Online. Retrieved April 3, 2009 @ http://www. support4change. com/stages/cycles/Erikson. html Selman, R. L. , Schorin, M. Z. , Stone, C. R. & Phelps, E. (1983). A naturalistic study of children’s social understanding. Developmental Psychology, 19, 82-102 Spearman, C. (1927). The Abilities of Man. London: Macmillan.

The Role of Formal and Informal Groups

The Role of Formal and Informal Groups Within the University of Phoenix Online By: Stephen Ruiz MGT 340 – Organization Theory and Behavior December 2011/January 2012 – Online Mondays Professor Robert Schlagheck, MS January 20, 2012 Formal and informal groups play a significant role within The University of Phoenix Online (UOP). A formal group would be â€Å"one defined by the organizations structure, with designated work assignments establishing tasks† (Robbins, 2011, p. 276). A typical organizational chart would be an example of a formal group, where places and roles within a hierarchical organization are clearly defined. An informal group would be â€Å"neither formally structured nor organizationally determined† (Robbins, 2011, p. 276). Informal groups often â€Å"develop around social or project groups† (Schatz, 2012). An example of an informal group could be a few employees who chose to take a walk during their break time each morning. UOP has several formal groups. First, there is a leadership team that is comprised of a Vice President, Senior Directors, Associate Directors and Managers. Their roles are defined and collectively they are in charge of measuring and maximizing productivity and defining organizational objectives. Lately this group has been focusing on employee satisfaction after it was revealed, through employee surveys, that there was a growing dissatisfaction among employees. Things like inflexible work schedules and inconsistent communication from the leadership team were to blame. To improve this situation I would do many of the things this group is doing now but in a more aggressive manner. In addressing the inflexible work schedules, employees are now able to flex time more easily. I would implement alternative work schedules, more specifically, 4-10 work weeks. Regarding the inconsistent communication, we now have all division teleconferences to make the communication more uniform. Again, this strategy has been too infrequent and reactive instead of proactive. I would hold implement more frequent communication opportunities. Perhaps a weekly all finance or all enrollment communication. Next there are work teams. These are formal groups with a manager and ten employees. These team are formed based on the geographical regions that they service. The manager is responsible for motivating and providing support to the team members. The team members or advisors are responsible for assisting students. In my case, processing financial aid files, and providing customer service to students, while maintaining acceptable retention and accounts receivable levels. An improvement I would implement would be similar to the Fiedler model discussed in the text. In the past year, I have had 5 different managers. I would try to establish manager-team that have styles that compliment each other. There are a plethora of informal groups at UOP. These groups are encouraged at UOP. There are reading groups, walking groups, and even a ping pong group to name a few. Personally, I am a member of a small lunch group and a larger social group. The lunch group is made up of 3 others. We all are in the same position and have common interests such as movies and sports. I would refer to these employees as friends. The larger social group is less defined but is a network of past and present team members and we share information, â€Å"the grapevine†. I would refer to these members as acquaintances. In the end, formal and informal groups can be both positive and negative. The structure and defined roles and objectives are positive. Personal conflict and gossip would be examples of negative attributes of groups References Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational Behavior. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Educational, Inc. Schatz, T. (2012). Basic Types of Organizational Structure: Formal and Informal. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness. chron. com/basic-types-organizational-structure-formal-informal-982. html

Friedrich Nietzsche's On The Genealogy of Morals Essay

Nietzsches Genealogy of Morality - Essay Example From this paper, it is clear that according to Nietzsche (57), morality no longer guides people but there are forced by different legal circumstances to behave in a given way. In this essay, the writer will try to evaluate and analyze the genealogy of morality as noted by Nietzsche (57). Understanding genealogy of morality is a great way for people to look back and gauge where they went wrong in reference to bad ethics and morals in the society. Nietzsche makes an assertion that one becomes forced to admit that legal conditions could be nothing other than means to create larger units of power (Nietzsche 57). He attacks the ideas that morality is selfless, the idea that suffering can be interpreted as rightful punishment to whoever experiences it because it sharpens their thinking on a given subject. He also argues on the conception of free will that involves the idea that agents could act differently from what they did (Nietzsche 57). Free will, even as anchored on the Holy Bible that God gave His people a free will to choose between what is right and wrong, is a big challenge to the society in reference to the decaying morals. The moral decay happens because people no longer adhere to any traditional customs that guide their ethics and morals because they are free to choose and behave any way they want despite societal values. He talks about a privileging of ‘slave values such as humility and devaluation of those such as pride and audacity, and the conception that morality involves obligations with unconditional obligations and that it is universally applicable or binding. Morality should be upheld at all instances, and governments should institute measures that will boost good morality for their citizens.

The Changes in the Economic Environment of Nokia Essay

The Changes in the Economic Environment of Nokia - Essay Example It is used in finding out how much the company is leveraged in debt, comparing what is owed to what is owned. This is a measure to find out the company’s ability to borrow and repay money.As shown, Nokia has 40% debt leverage in 2009. This figure is 29% higher than its D/E in 2009, and a significant departure from conservative borrowings from 2000 to 2007. Its long-term debt in 2009 amounted to 4.439B representing a 400% increase from 2008 of 861M.Nokia uses the international capital markets to finance investments. The company sells stock, issue bonds, and obtain loans from commercial banks. The Nokia is a public limited liability company listed on the Helsinki, Frankfurt, and New York stock exchanges. Recent share price is offered at 9.64 â‚ ¬ (Yahoo finance) Nokia has the same outstanding shares of 3.7bil for 2009 and 2008. This is a decline from its previous years’ outstanding shares which are above 4bil. from 2000 to 2007. (msn) Based on the figures derived from the company’s financial statements for 10 years, the company is still in a healthy financial position. Its short-term operations have been affected by the economic recession as shown by the decline of sales and revenue for 2009 and 2008. Yet, the company has remained financially strong to pay its obligations. In 2009, the company has changed its strategy in a capital structure using more debts in financing its resources. As it is, the company is 40% leveraged and 60%f equity. At 40%, debt leverage is still a good balance as it is not more than the total equity. The company tends to have additional benefits in this capital structure such as tax advantage. In conclusion, Nokia can be a safe investment because of its strength has been in business for many years. It operates worldwide and does not concentrate on US market alone. Its weakness lies in technology which is slow in responding to competition’s design. Opportunities remain strong for worldwide operations as communication is an important commodity for everybody. The threat is the fast-changing technology that has to be addressed by Nokia through continued research and development.

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - Essay Example It has gained popularity and support from different quotas who believe that the movement has positioned itself ideologically and consistently hence the need for its political recognition. The current membership of FARC is approximately 18,000 members, 30% of the recruits being under the age of eighteen years and surprisingly, the leadership structure is composed of 49% women. This paper will therefore discuss the political and social effects that have so far resulted from the actions of FARC. The social effects are the drug trafficking, displacements, rape, terrorism, hostages, kidnappings, lack of freedom of the press and other issues. It will also look into the political implications the movement has caused Colombia since its inception. It will finally, provide a different point of view of analysts who believe that the movement is necessary to stem out errant political leaders such the Uribe regime and the former and current presidents in Colombia who are so self centered that they have e economically downgraded the country's economy. Between the years of 1930s and 1950s, hundreds of rural based Colombians driven by their communist ideology began organizing themselves into formidable structures of security and cooperation with the aim of responding to the capitalistic expansion of the ruling interests1. They believed that the state had isolated them and therefore they needed to group all the poor members of the society (small land holders, semi-proletarians, rural workers and peasants) and champion for their rights. The group wanted to establish a corrupt free society, stable and based on local control mechanisms. These localized groups continued to expand their bases and by early 1960s, they had over sixteen groups of communities from all areas of southern and central Colombian republic. These communities were very peaceful to the central government, but to some extent, they were considered a threat to national security especially to the ruling class, land owners, the U.S geopolitical interest and the rising urban capitalists. During the Kennedy administration, the central government through its military targeted regions with strong offensive communities After its founding in the mid 1960s, the insurgency expanded in almost all parts of the country especially during the neo-liberal period when economic policies accompanied by increased repression by the state were practiced. FARC has increased its social, paramilitary and economic presence in Colombia sine that time. In fact, by 1999, the insurgent had almost conquered all the regions of the country. A few years later, reports indicated that they had occupied more than 93% of all the Colombian regions. Within the four decades since the inception of the political movement, FARC ha transformed itself from being a mere peasant-landless struggle to a complex national social force that had threatened even the United States. Currently, the movement has increased its membership base to include; intellectuals, the displaced, Afro-Colombians, unionists, urban workforce and almost all the indigenous population. With an extensive

Art Humanities class Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art Humanities class - Assignment Example Apparently, one location shows the connection of the statue with the government and the power that it wishes to convey. In addition, the author performs visual analysis through taking photographs of the statue and commenting on its physical structure and movement, as well as its facial expressions. The language focuses on the action and energy of the sculpture, and this is effective in relation to the author’s thesis, regarding the political implications of David’s location. Moreover, this reading is enjoyable because it treats a usual art placement meeting as a decision that affects the meaning of the statue through the goals of the decision makers. Response to Thucydides’ â€Å"Funeral Oration of Pericles† Thucydides records the Funeral Oration that Pericles delivered after the beginning of the first campaign of the war. During this speech, Pericles gives tribute to the fallen heroes of Athens. He praises the virtues of Athens first through extolling the virtues of the people. For him, the Athenians have built a great city because of their virtues and love for learning and simple beauty in life. He argues that these soldiers did not die in vain because they died for the greatest people and city in history. He bases his arguments on the social, political, and economic values and attributes of Athens as a city and as a civilization. Pericles can be quite flowery with his words, but it must be because of the nature of the oration. He wants to emphasize that the people of Athens have to be proud of their courage because their courage protects their freedoms. Some of the confusing parts of the speech are when Pericles mentions certain people, places, and events that are unfamiliar. Nevertheless, further research will prove their relevance to the oration. Moreover, Pericles does not conduct any visual analysis on a specific artwork. Nonetheless, he alludes to the architecture of Athens that manifests the people’s power and glory. The descriptive language combines simile, metaphors, allusions, and symbolisms. They are effective because they reinforce the idea that Athens is worth fighting and dying for. The families of the dead should find moral solace in the sacrifices of their loved ones because they died for something meaningful and worthwhile. Aside from these effective uses of description, the reading is enjoyable because of its discussion of the merits of Athens. It reminds readers of patriotism that turns courage into a trait related to one’s national origins. Response to Alberti’s â€Å"On Painting† This writing has a clear identifiable thesis, where Alberti argues that paintings are important because they record important personalities and events, while also remarking on the skills of the painter. He believes that painting is a sacred duty and process, as it serves to replicate reality as it its, and if God made reality, then painting is an act of recreation, and to some extent, creation. Alberti supports his claims with sayings from great artists and personalities and by mentioning painting’s evolution throughout human history. He establishes that painting is part of the essence of humanity. In addition, Alberti explains the composition of painting: circumscription, composition, and reception of light, which offers a form of visual analysis of

USE OF PATIENT PORTAL Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

USE OF PATIENT PORTAL - Article Example The patient can reach the receptionist or a medical practitioner through confidential emails. This is convenient all the time as the modern activities are taking the online perspective of operations. The patient’s portals also offer a convenient way to pay and receive revenues for customers and medical providers. It is also quick and relatively cheaper to pay the bills on line. There are e-prescriptions software’s affected in the EMR systems making requests for prescription easy. It also enables easy operation for medical officers to manage prescription requests in the portals (Osborn et al., 2013). A person looking for a good and serious patient portal need to consider several think. Essential, the person may want to look for a portal that facilitates integration of a secure credit card and an efficient bill handling process. There is also an emerging need to look for a portal that has the ability to hand of the EMR data of the patient to Continuity of Care Record (CCR). Another necessity in portals is the availability of e-visits as well as the ability for patients update personal EMR records. This is the ideal model of a good patient portal. Osborn, C. Y., Mayberry, L. S., Wallston, K. A., & Johnson, K. B. (2013). Understanding Patient Portal Use: Implications for Medication Management. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15 (7),

Issues in Contemporary Management-Critical Discussion of Management Essay

Issues in Contemporary Management-Critical Discussion of Management Processes, Ethics, and Globalization - Essay Example e giant outlet commanding 31% of the total market turnover has been the recent victim of public criticism after revelations that since it began operations in the country, it had been avoiding tax payments to authorities, only paying 8.6 million despite generating 3 billion in revenues. Tax avoidance is an ethical issue as well as a national and global issue for a company that has its operations in many countries such as Starbucks. For close to 15 years, the coffee giant in the United Kingdom had been avoiding remitting taxes by reporting losses, only reporting profits in a single year. The company has been in operation in the country since the year 1998, with 700 outlets. There are various reasons why companies pay taxes to the authorities. While it is a legal obligation of the company, it is an ethical issue of portraying a good corporate image for the company (Rosser, Murray, 2010, p. 21). Closure of business is imminent by the authorities if the company is found to have evaded tax. Although it is legal to avoid paying taxes, criticism and loss of business for the company is quite possible in case the public decides not purchase products by the company. When David Cameron revealed to the public that Starbucks had not been paying taxes for the 15 years it had operated in the country, angry protestors demonstrated outside its outlets accusing the company being un-loyal to the country. Regardless of its origin being in America, the public expects the company to pay taxes to the UK authorities. To the public, any company should undertake this ethical practice so long as they buy their products. Starbucks risks loss of business from the public by failure to pay taxes. Physical demonstrations could turn to economic to the extent of the public choosing not to purchase the products. Governments are keen in payment of taxes by the companies operating in their jurisdictions (Great Britain, 2011, p. 14). The issue of Starbucks became a political problem to the point of

Performance Analysis Between Told by and Idiots The Horse You Rode In Essay

Performance Analysis Between Told by and Idiots The Horse You Rode In On and Earthfalls The Factory - Essay Example Analysis of a play or a stage show initially demands the nature of its theme and in this point of viewer can make out the theme of political satire in And the Horse Your Rode In On. It is not possible for a viewer or critic to approach the Horse Your Rode In On merely an entertainment and the plays have need of a special attention from the viewer because of its effort of social criticism. In the same way, the dance program entitled The Factory bestows a new theatrical experience for the viewer through its magnificent performance. As a piece of popular theatrical performance, both Told by an Idiot and Eartfall made a unique effort in creating their latest works as a delighting one. It is obvious that And the Horse Your Rode in On captures the attention of its viewers through its theme and unique structure. Unlike And the Horse Your Rode in On, Ear fall’s The Factory marked its greatness through its magnificent movements. Both of them have their own compensations as well limitat ions in designing and performance. Hayley Carmichael and Paul Hunter tackle politics in first time and most of the events in this stage show concerned with politics and related violence. Advocates of the show design the performance of the characters of the show with the presence of number of intersecting narratives which illustrates political events. In this respect Brian Logan observes; â€Å"the show's ostensible subject is "extreme acts of violence and the lengths people will go for their beliefs" (Logan, 2011). Producers of the show effectively used the possibilities of black humor in their play. Director practices variety of performance strategies like mime, singing, one act play, and fart noises. All these techniques help the viewer to justify the intentions of its makers. The image of Conrad’s bomb-carrying anarchist permits the viewer to analyze the existence of armed revolution in modern world. Characters of the play made a conscious effort to create funny moments t hroughout the play and through these funny moments they transformed their criticism. Mat Trueman rightly comments that â€Å"Its outwardly jocular demeanor delights in slapstick and silly voices, but its core is a passionate reflection on revolution drawn out of a pop-cultural mash-up† (Trueman, 2011). The problem of identity crisis and gender issues that affected in modern society are obviously weaved in the play and viewer can hit upon the fact that the honest approach towards its theme is a significant reason for its general acceptance. One can begin the discussion about the performance of the play And the Horse Your Rode in On with a statement that it is not possible for a viewer to come across many occasions which makes much sense. Therefore, it is better for a viewer to watch it without prejudiced mind and stay away from questions about the reason behind it. The great thing is that the conclusion or moral of the play is brilliantly formed through a serious combination o f different stories and the outstanding performance of its actors. The entire play mirrors the inability of common people to have a handle on the real intentions of political parties and also the failure of people to be aware of terrorist’s motivations. The viewers can understand how an individual or a person with good intentions changed into an anarchist or how the lives of victims or revolutionaries changed into a moment of explosive. The great challenge that the performers faced was that the creation of humor in the play. It is evident that the

Foreign Market Entry and Diversification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Foreign Market Entry and Diversification - Essay Example The paper discusses the need for diversification strategies of the companies that adopt means and methods to excel in their respective industry and reap untapped profits from the market. Specifically speaking about the diversification strategies of Amazon and Campbell Soup Company, the discussion assesses the company overview and performance along with the outcomes of their implied diversification strategies. Discussion The diversification strategy is that the company adds new products and simultaneously existing markets. This access to new activities, either by internal or external growth the company does operate in competitive environments, new result is a set of physical and organizational changes affecting the structure of the company and represents a clear break with its past history Kenny, G., (2009). 1. A combination vertical merger implies that control various stages of production the same product. 2. A horizontal combination is one formed by companies in an industry that dev elop same products. Part 2 & 3 To address these two parts of the assignment we are taking example of Amazon and are going to describe its diversification strategy for entering in the foreign market Overview It was Jeffrey Bezos after leaving his job as a programmer on Wall Street, has set the objective to build the best online store in the world (not the first, the best) with an obsessive idea: given to the buyer as the best trading experience. And he founded in 1994 with based in a garage in Seattle - USA, the company Amazon as the first virtual library on the Web. Today is an online retailer of books, music and more, offering services that traditional retailers cannot offer low prices, selections and large well-documented information about the products. According to Bezos, the future of the electronic sale is in the identification of supply, for example, the buyer is setting out the products that best fit your tastes based on their previous purchases .Their policies are strategic expansion and diversification, since Amazon does not want its brand associated with a product category, but is associated with the idea that works for customers. Assessing the Success Amazon successfully adopts the strategy of vertical diversification and effectively collaborates with the suppliers, customers and all other stake holders who are related with the company. Indeed, Amazon was the first to explicitly numbered line every step of the process and accompanies their clients to visit them. Amazon created the Amazon's Publisher's Advantage with other publishers. Amazon has managed to revolutionize the market, thanks to a surprising relationship management with the customer and the supplier (Doebeli, M., 2011). Amazon follows the principles of convenience and peace of mind by ensuring customers the security of purchases. It was the first site to accept online credit card (explaining in detail its operation) and for customers who are still wary, offers e-mail or fax as an alterna tive method to provide the information in your credit card. Amazon has done an excellent job in recruiting and satisfaction of stakeholders: publishers, distributors and other online retailers. Since all find it easy to operate with Amazon, the overall customer experience improves substantially. The secret lies in attracting Amazon customer information to learn more and grow faster. For the first time since its creation, Amazon.com

Food and Beverage in Indonesia Essay Example for Free

Food and Beverage in Indonesia Essay This document is one of a series of free information tools for exporters produced by New Zealand Trade and Enterprise. New Zealand Trade and Enterprise provides a wide range of standard services and sophisticated solutions that assist businesses through every stage of the export process. For information or advice, phone New Zealand Trade and Enterprise on 0800 555 888, visit www. nzte. govt. nz, or contact your New Zealand Trade and Enterprise client manager. CONTENTS 1 MARKET STRUCTURE 1. 1 Market Overview 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5 1. 6 2 2 Market Drivers Market Potential Import Trends Key Players in the Market Regulatory Sustainability 3 3 6 7 7 8 9 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 MARKET ENTRY AND DEVELOPMENT 2. 1 Market Entry Strategies 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 Points of Differentiation Long Term Strategic Issues for Exporters to Consider Distribution Channels Pricing 3 MARKET RESOURCES AND CONTACTS 2/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012 1 MARKET STRUCTURE Indonesia is the world’s fourth most populous country with a population of 232. 5 million in 2010, and the largest economy in Southeast Asia. In 2011, New Zealand’s food and beverage exports totalled US$468. 3 million, making Indonesia New Zealand’s 11th largest export destination. i In November 2011, Indonesia provided formal notification of the completion of its internal ratification procedures to enable the ASEAN – Australia – New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA). From 10 January 2012, AANZFTA will open up considerable opportunities for New Zealand businesses. The agreement will allow duty / tariff free access to over 90 percent of New Zealand goods and services by 2015. ii 1. 1 Market Overview In 2010 and 2011, dairy and meat products comprised over 76 percent of New Zealand’s food and beverage exports to Indonesia (2010: US$363 million; 2011: US$381 million). In 2010, Indonesia’s dairy and meat market was worth an estimated US$2 billion. The majority of the population in Indonesia, approximately 85 percent, are Muslim and all slaughtered food and meat (excluding pork) must have halal certification. iii 3/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012 1. 1. 1 Market by product category Packaged food In 2010, Indonesia’s packaged food market was valued at US$19. 1 billion. The sale of impulse and indulgence products (i. e. chocolates) grew due to increasing affluence. Nutrition and staples (i. e. rice) grew by 31 percent in 2010. Canned / preserved food had a high growth rate of 20 percent in 2010. Indonesia: Sales of Packaged Food by Category: Value 2005-2010 in million USD 2007 Packaged Food Total Nutrition/staples (i. e. rice) Dried Processed Food (i. e. dessert mixes, instant soup) Impulse and Indulgence Products (i. e.chocolate coated biscuits) Bakery Dairy Noodles Baby Food Confectionery Meal Solutions (i. e. tomato pastes). Sweet and Savoury Snacks Oils and Fats Sauces, Dressings and Condiments Frozen Processed Food Ice Cream Canned/Preserved Food Chilled Processed Food Spreads Meal Replacement (i. e. breakfast bars) Pasta Ready Meals (i. e. instant pasta) Snack Bars Soup 13,110 7,876 4,089 4,148 2,111 1,484 1,340 1,257 1,287 1,086 779 759 477 263 245 200 63 62 13 11 4 0. 9 3 2008 14,307 8,798 4,642 4,318 2,201 1,540 1,487 1,398 1,329 1,190 812 909 499 306 269 230 68 65 15 12 4 3 3 2009 14,817. 9,167 4,909 4,404 2,238 1,596 1,526 1,496 1,360 1,244 832 845 510 327 278 251 68 66 16 13 4 3 3 2010 19,100 11,959 6,515 5,506 2,781 2,026 1,999 1,967 1,704 1,634 1,054 1,039 653 439 356 346 86 82 21 17 5 4 4 Source: Euromonitor International (NB: IDR/USD currency; [2007] 9141, [2008] 9699, [2009] 10389. 9, [2010] 9090. 4) 4/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012 Fresh food In 2010, the fresh food market in Indonesia had a total volume of 48. 1 million tonnes, making Indonesia the fifth largest fresh food market in the world. During the period 20052010, demand of fresh food increased by 13 percent. iv Indonesia: Fresh food market in Indonesia in million tonnes Starchy Roots Fruits Vegetables Fish and Seafood Meat Sugar and Sweeteners Eggs Nuts Pulses 2007 14,985 10,386 9,095 5,016 1,969 1,778 743 671 222 2008 15,148 10,786 9,356 5,153 2,024 1,825 761 700 224 2009 15,309 11,147 9,613 5,291 2,078 1,872 777 730 227 2010 15,455 11,489 9,868 5,432 2,138 1,914 794 762 230 2011f 15,582 11,787 10,119 5,592 2,188 1,952 808 798 234 Source: Euromonitor International (NB: 2011 forecasts) Wineiv In 2011, the Indonesian wine market was worth approximately US$32 million (RP 275. 4 billion) and retail sales totalled 3. 1 million litres. Wine accounted for only 3 percent of total alcohol sales. Beer is considerably more popular as an alcoholic beverage. During the period 2008-2010, wine volume sales declined by 6 percent. While prices increased, the demand from Indonesian consumers with high disposable incomes and expatriates remained and the number of wine enthusiasts in Indonesia grew. The growth was influenced by western culture and wine events such as wine tasting, wine dinners and classes. The wine market showed an increase in sales by value of 61 percent during the period 2008-2010. v Indonesia: Wine Sales Off-trade Value in million USD Off-trade Volume in million litres 2006 12. 0 3. 3 2007 14. 0 3. 4 2008 15. 0 3. 4 2009 16. 0 3. 3 2010 28. 0 3. 2 2011 32. 0 3. 1 Source: Euromonitor International (NB: IDR/USD currency; [2006] 9159. 3, [2007] 9141, [2008] 9699, [2009] 10389. 9, [2010] 9090. 4, [2011] 8696. 1) 1. 1. 2 Market by distribution channel Mass grocery retail In 2011, traditional retailers, comprising small independent stores and open air markets, accounted for an estimated 77 percent of the total retail sales. vii 5/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012 In the organised retail sector, Hypermarkets had the largest market share in 2010, with US$13. 6 billion in sales, followed by supermarkets (US$11 billion) and convenience stores / mini-markets (US$5 billion). During the period 2005-2010, supermarket sales increased by 112 percent, followed by hypermarkets (109 percent) and convenience stores / mini-markets (105 percent). Mass Grocery Retail Sector – Estimated Number of Outlets 2005 Total Convenience Stores / Mini-Markets Supermarkets Hypermarkets Source: Business Monitor International 2006 7,154 3,337 3,173 644 2007 8,530 3,953 3,830 747 2008 9,429 4,334 4,297 798. 2009 10,572 4,871 4,801 900 2010 11,524 5,299 5,252 973 5,912 2,758 2,652 502 1. 2 Market Drivers The following are viewed as key drivers for the food and beverage market in Indonesia: ? The food and beverage market in Indonesia grew in 2010, recovering from the worldwide recession. Purchasing power of middle and upper income consumers revived with an increase of disposable income. Political and economic conditions stabilised and the number of modern retail outlets and food service retailers grew. vi Consumers are embracing the health conscious trend seen throughout the world, as a result of exposure to health education through the media. vi To meet the increasing demand of educated and health conscious consumers, the Indonesian government has taken on initiatives such as the Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate project. Through this US$5 billion project, the government expects to produce almost 2 million tonnes of rice, 2 million tonnes of corn, 2. 5 million tonnes of sugar, 937,000 tonnes of palm oil,167,000 tonnes of soy beans and grazing land for 64,000 cattle. vii In April 2010, taxation on wine increased significantly resulting in an increase in wine prices. Approximately 45 percent of the cost paid by consumers is tax, including sales tax (VAT), excise and import tax. v While traditional markets still account for the majority of retail sales, they face greater pressure on market share as modern retail becomes more popular. While the government tried to discourage the rapid spread of modern retail, it wasn’t successful in enforcing its legislative regulations and modern retailers increased in numbers by using fake permits in some cases. iii ? ? ? ? 6/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012 1. 3 Market Potential The overall food consumption is forecast to grow by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9. 1 percent to 2015. vii Modern retail, such as hypermarkets are projected to increase in numbers as urban centres expand and demand increases for convenience and added-value products (i. e. rice and noodle ready-meals). However, most consumers in Indonesia remain price sensitive and private label will be a popular alternative as it is perceived as good value rather than cheap. vii The sale of alcoholic beverages is expected to decline with a CAGR of 2. 3 percent during 2010-2015. However, wine is forecast to grow with a CAGR of 1. 4 percent during 20102015 as wine is perceived to be a healthier option than other alcoholic beverages such as beer. v Indonesia has a massive youth population of around 40. 9 million, aged between 15 and 24. This age group tends to be more westernised compared to the older population and is projected to drive demand for mass market products such as confectionary goods. vii There are opportunities for products targeted to improve the condition of specific health problems. These products include calcium fortified milk to prevent osteoporosis, dairy milk for nursing mothers, baby food and products for weight and cholesterol reduction. vi 1. 4 Import Trendsvii In 2010, Indonesia imported an estimated US$8. 1 billion, a growth of 25 percent from 2009. Indonesia is relatively resilient to global trade volatility but reliant on dairy and poultry imports to meet demand. Indonesia: Food and Beverage Trade in million USD 2009 Exports Imports Balance 18,756 6,476 12,280 2010e 24,765 8,120 16,645 2011f 30,406 9,573 20,833 2012f 36,517 11,233 25,284 2013f 43,492 13,172 30,320 2014f 52,167 15,598 36,563 2015f 62,034 18,448 43,585 Source: Business Monitor International (NB: 2010 estimate; 2011-2015 forecasts) 7/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012 1. 5 Key Players in the Marketvii Food and beverages Nestle Indonesia had the highest market share with sales of US$23. 2 billion in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Nestle has a market leading position in the dairy sector and in its instant noodle category, operates a 50-50 joint venture with Indofood Sukses Makmur. One of Indonesia’s key players in alcoholic beverages is Multi Bintang with 414 employees and US$209. 5 million in sales in 2010. Indonesia: Key Players in the food and beverage market Company Nestle Indonesia Indofood Sukses akmur Terbuka Unilever Indonesia PT Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Mayora Indah Tbk Sari Husada PT Malindo Feedmill Tbk PT Siantar Top Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food Sub-sector confectionery and dairy miscellaneous food dairy and tea meat and Fish confectionery formula and baby food miscellaneous food Snack food Snack food and instant noodles Sales (US$mn) 23,238** 4,493 2,303 1,764 845 317e 238 89 83 Yearending Dec-10 Dec-10 Dec-10 Dec-10 Dec-10 2010 Dec-10 Dec-10 Dec-09 No. Of employees 1,232 64,200 3,308 7,095 4,407 902 2,144 4,292 1,925 Year Established 1971 1990 1933 1972 1977 1954 na 1970 na Source: Company Investor Relations, BMI (NB: e = estimate, na = not available, **Includes Papua New Guinea) Mass Grocery Retail Hero Supermarket Tbk had the largest sales within the mass grocery retail sector with US$8. 97 billion in 2010. Hero has a broad range of store formats and offers lower value products while Carrefour, the biggest foreign retailer in Indonesia, dominates the upper end of the market. 8/Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012 Key Players in Indonesia’s Mass Grocery Retail Sector, 2011 Parent Company PT Hero Supermark et Tbk PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk PT Matahari Putra Prima Tbk Country of Origin Indonesia / Hong Kong Sales, US$ mn 8,971 Financial year 2010 Brand Hero Giant StarMart Indonesia 1,645 2010 Alfamart Alfa Minimart Foodmart Hypermart Cut Price PT Carrefour Indonesia PT Makro Indonesia ** PT Ramayana Lestari Sentosa Tbk PT Indomaret Prismatama PT Lion Superindo PT Alfa Retailindo Tbk France / Indonesia Netherlands Indonesia. Indonesia Belgium / Indonesia Indonesia 1,570*** 656e 639 500e 431* 187 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 Carrefour Makro Ramayana Indomaret Super Indo Alfa Alfa Grosir Gelael Format Supermarket Hypermarket Convenience Store Supermarket Convenience Store Supermarket Hypermarket Discount Store Hypermarket Supermarket Cash Carry Supermarket Convenience Store Supermarket Supermarket Supermarket Supermarket No of outlets 120 38 125 4812 Indonesia 1,615 2009 25 52 9 63 16 20 104 5,174 74 35 8 11. Source: Company Investor Relations, BMI (NB: e = estimate,*Based on Delhaize Group Rest of World Sales,** South Korea’s Lotte acquired Makro in October 2008,***Based on Carrefour’sIndonesia sales. ?Includes franchised, independent stores) 1. 6 Regulatory Information provided in this section is for reference only. When negotiating supply contracts and before beginning actual export, companies are advised to consult closely with their importer or distributor. Duties and tariffs Under AANZFTA there will be tariff free access to more than 90 percent of New Zealand goods by 2015, and the majority of these are food and beverage products. 9/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012 Alcoholic beverages in Indonesia including wine are strictly regulated due to the Muslim Law. Wines are subject to 10 percent value added tax (VAT), import tax of 150 percent and income tax of 25 percent. Category A B C Classification Alcoholic beverage with 1-5 percent ethanol content Alcoholic beverage with 5-20 percent ethanol content Alcoholic beverage with 20-55 percent ethanol content Import duty USD 1. 57 / litre IDR 14,000 / litre USD 6. 18 / litre IDR 55,000 / litre USD 14. 00 / litre IDR 125,000 / litre Excise Tax USD 1. 25 / litre IDR 11,000 / litre USD 4. 5 / litre IDR 40,000 / litre USD 14. 61 / litre IDR130,000 / litre For more information, visit the Directorate General of Customs Excise at www. beacukai. go. id or the AANZFTA at www. asean. fta. govt. nz. Licensing and registration requirements Prior to importation of food, companies must follow a registration process which involves a fee of Rp 150,000-3,000,000 (approximately NZ$17-345). The documents needed to register include: ? ? ? ? ?a letter that guarantees safety, quality, nutrition and labelling an authorisation letter from the manufacturer health certificate or certificate of free sale issued by authorised deputy from country of origin an audit report of distribution facilities from NADFC (National Agency of Drugs and Food Control) provincial office. copy of registration approval letter from the NZ company’s importer For more information on licensing and registration, visit National Agency of Drug and Food Control at www. pom. go. id Labelling requirements. All imported food and beverages need to be labelled in Indonesian language and must contain: ? ? ? ? brand name name of product (type of food) list of ingredients net weight or net content or drained weight (if applicable) 10/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage |. February 2012 ? ? ? name and address of parties that produce or import the products into Indonesia registration number date, month and year of minimum durability For more information on labelling, visit the National Agency of Drug and Food Control at www. pom. go. id. Quotas New Zealand wine exports are subject to Indonesia’s import quotas. The Indonesian government increased the import quota for wine to 225,000 cases in 2009, from 80,000 cases in 2008. The number of cases of wine imported in 2008 and 2009 were 77,485 and 191,953 cases respectively. Error! Bookmark not defined. Indonesia has also recently imposed beef quotas which are being reviewed regularly. Halal Halal certification in Indonesia is required for all food derived from animal products, and recommended for companies whose products are targeting the mass retail market. Exporters are advised to check this closely with their importers or distributors in Indonesia. The Federation of Islamic Associations of New Zealand (FIANZ) is recognised by the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) for certifying products in New Zealand. They can be contacted at [emailprotected] co. nz. For more information on the overseas market access requirements (including halal requirements), visit the New Zealand Food Safety Authority at www. foodsafety. govt. nz For more information on halal, visit the MUI at www. halalmui. org 1. 7 Sustainabilityviii The Indonesian Government encourages companies to use sustainable packaging and recyclable materials through tax incentives and an awards system. The government plans to boost the environmentally friendly packaging through Industrial Regulations in Indonesia (RUU Perindustrian). Alternatives to plastic packaging such as vegetable material or bio-plastic packaging have been welcomed by the market. Bio-plastic is made from biotic materials (i. e. corn, cassava or micro-biota) and the material is easier to decompose. A national water company, PT Aqua Golden Mississippi, is currently developing a water bottle from vegetable material. The Indonesian Nanotechnology Society is researching a thinner plastic bottle which can be decomposed in 4 to 8 weeks. 11/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012 2 MARKET ENTRY AND DEVELOPMENT 2. 1 Market Entry Strategies Indonesia is a price sensitive market, but with the growth of the new generation of middle and high income consumers, the quality of products is of greater importance. Branded and high quality food and beverage products are in demand. The middle high income segment is paying more attention to healthy products as the new generation becomes more health conscious. Indonesian consumers prefer internationally well-known brands and imported products, particularly for their children. In 2010, the government approved a number of import licences for alcoholic beverages. There were previously only 2 companies with import licences but now more than 20 companies have secured a licence. To acquire an import licence, a company needs to have at least 20 brands in its portfolio. It is recommended that New Zealand food and beverage products focus on Jakarta (with a population of 9. 6 million), Surabaya (4 million) and Bali (4 million). Jakarta and Surabaya are big markets in their own right but are also distribution hubs to the east and western parts of Indonesia. Bali is a popular tourism destination and there is a demand for quality products from hotels and restaurants. 2. 2 Points of Differentiation New Zealand is known in Indonesia as a producer of fresh, clean, high quality and healthy products. However, the market holds little knowledge about the range of products New Zealand sells. New Zealand companies need to continuously promote the overall New Zealand image for the benefit of their products. 2. 3 Long Term Strategic Issues for Exporters to Consider Recently a number of new regulations were introduced, which are aimed at protecting local producers of horticultural, agricultural and dairy products. Political issues and corruption are still a major issue in doing business in Indonesia. All imported food and beverage products must be registered by Indonesia’s National Agency for Food and Drugs Control (BPOM). New Zealand food and beverage exporters are advised to check with their Indonesian customers or partners what the exact process is. The specified time limit for BPOM to issue registration is 45 working days, but in the past it has taken 6-12 months. 12/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012 2. 4 Distribution Channels. The best market penetration strategy is to appoint a local importer who has an established network across Indonesia. This will enable New Zealand businesses to access the retail market and also the HORECA (hotel, restaurant and catering) markets. Importers will undertake the product registration on behalf of New Zealand companies. New Zealand companies must provide the necessary documentation including a letter of appointment for the Indonesian importer. 2. 5 Pricing New Zealand products face stiff competition from other imported products, particularly products from Asian countries. With the right pricing and product positioning strategies, Indonesian consumers are willing to pay for premium products. Mark-ups for imported products will include: ? ? ? import agent fees custom duties value added tax (VAT) of 5-10 percent 13/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012 2. MARKET RESOURCES AND CONTACTS ASSOCIATIONS /ORGANISATION ASEAN New Zealand Combined Business Council Halal Indonesia The Federation of Islamic Associations of New Zealand (FIANZ) WEBLINK www. asean. org. nz www. halalindonesia. org/ www. fianz. co. nz/index. php Indonesia National Agency of Drug and Food Control www.pom. go. id ASEAN Australia New Zealand Free Trade Agreement Guide Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia Directorate General of Customs Excise. TRADE EVENTS InterFood Indonesia Fish and Seafood Indonesia Agri Indo Jakarta Fashion Food Festival OTHER NZTE PUBLICATIONS Indonesia Country Brief Wine Market in Southeast Asia Food and beverage in the hotel, restaurant and institutions market in Southeast Asia www. asean. fta. govt. nz www. depkes. go. id/en/ www. beacukai. go. id WEBLINK www. interfood-indonesia. com www. fisheryandseafoodexpo. com www. agri-indo. com www. jfff. info WEBLINK www. nzte.govt. nz www. nzte. govt. nz /www. nzte. govt. nz Disclaimer: This publication is provided to you as a free service and is intended to flag to you market opportunities and possibilities. Use of and reliance on the information/products/technology/concepts discussed in this publication, and the suitability of these for your business is entirely at your own risk. You are advised to carry out your own independent assessment of this opportunity. The information in this publication is general; it was prepared by New Zealand Trade and Enterprise (NZTE) from publicly available and/or subscription database sources. NZTE; its officers, employees and agents accept no liability for any errors or omissions or any opinion/s expressed, and no responsibility is accepted with respect to the standing of any firm/s, company/ies or individual/s mentioned. New Zealand Trade and Enterprise is not responsible for any adverse consequences arising out of such use. You release New Zealand Trade and Enterprise from all claims arising from this publication. New Zealand Trade and Enterprise reserves the right to reuse any general market information contained in its reports. i ii iii iv v vi vii viii Euromonitor International, 26 August 2011. Indonesia: Country Profile APNZ, 15 November 2011. Indonesia to join regional FTA. The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from www. nzherald. co. nz Euromonitor International, 9 August 2011. Consumer Food Service in Indonesia. Euromonitor International, 2011. Market sizes, Indonesia Euromonitor International, February 2011. Alcoholic Drinks Indonesia Euromonitor International, November 2010. Packaged food Indonesia Business Monitor International, August 2011. Indonesia Food Drink Report Q4 2011. Euromonitor International, April 2011. Packaging Indonesia 14/ Exporter Guide | Indonesia | Food and Beverage | February 2012.

Likewise the conclusion of my research Essay Example for Free

Likewise the conclusion of my research Essay I would like to study and research about Japanese business culture and Japanese way of making decisions, and analyze them. Every country’s business culture has always close relationship with its own culture, so I have to approach from Japanese culture to business culture for clear understanding. Also, I compare and contrast them with Korean business culture and decision processing. The approach would be Japanese business culture from foreigner (who understand Japanese culture)’s point of view, and analyze it if pros and cons exist. To observe Japanese business culture closer, I am willing to join Japanese company through internship or part-time job. These methods will make me experience the culture and decision process. At the same time, I can immerse myself to the organizational culture it promotes and how the management goes about on processes and ideas. Likewise, by reading a lot of case studies, it can help me to define and develop my research. Moreover, I will compare and contrast how Japanese and Korean companies go through this worldwide recession, not by countries’ policy, but by companies own policy. The company’s result and plans to mitigate the current recession will teach me lessons concerning efficiency and effectiveness. As far as communication and interaction is concerned, I will use a lot of observation and interviews with native Japanese people. Therefore, it is important that I enhance my Japanese language skill so that I could communicate profoundly with Japanese business people and understand Japanese culture better. This is essential in my research so I can actively get the needed information that I want. To conclude my research, I shall try to maximize the information gathered in my selected Japanese company and compare it accordingly to my selected Korean company counterpart. I wish to see that there are traits and cultural aspects of Japanese culture that are embedded in its organizational culture. There are specific factors that affect the company to make decisions and strategies accordingly and proved to be successful in addressing the problems and issue. Likewise, the conclusion of my research will highlight the similarities and differences between the organizational cultures of Japan and Korea. Under this framework, there are several traits that shall be given to fully understand how each mindset of such company operates. Lastly, the conclusion seeks to address the limitations of this study and what it has failed to address during the course of interview and analysis.

The History Of Hinduism Rituals Religion Essay

The History Of Hinduism Rituals Religion Essay Hindus practice many rituals collectively known as Sansakaras. These rituals or sanskaras depict events in the life cycle of a Hindu person. According to the ancient texts in Hinduism, most significant events in the life cycle include Birth, Marriage, and Death. These Are Explained as Follows: Mix Christianity intro 1. Birth: In Hinduism, birth of a child is considered a religious ceremony, and involves many rituals. Some of the common rituals, practiced by almost all Hindus at the time of birth of a child, and their significance are discussed below. These rituals initiate a child into Hinduism and are collectively referred to as birth rituals. i. The first one is Garbhadhana or Impregnation rites. This ritual includes a planned sexual intercourse, between a husband and his wife, performed in a certain way, to conceive the best possible baby. The sex during Garbhadhana is not for pleasure but for developing a good or divine soul in the womb of the wife. Garbhadhana is purely spiritual, and is considered to be very essential. It is required to populate the world with good souls. This is explained by Lord Krishna in Bhagavad Gita, Sex aimed at creating godly children is as good as God Himself. balam balavatam caham kama-raga-vivarjitam dharmaviruddho bhutesu kamo smi bharatarsabha I am the strength of the strong, devoid of passion and desire. I am sex life which is not contrary to religious principles, O lord of the Bharatas' (Hindu). ii. Jatakarma is the ritual performed to welcome the baby into this world. It is performed right before the umbilical cord is cut. In this ritual, father of the child feeds honey to the baby and chant prayers or mantras in babys ear. This ritual is supposed to increase the aptitude of the child and spiritually help him or her to lead a long and healthy life. In addition, it represents that the presence of the child is desired and appreciated in the family. iii. Namakarana, meaning to give a name, is the ritual in which the child is given a name, which is meaningful and inspiring. A good name is very important for the child because its meaning reminds him of a purpose or an objective in life and inspires him to fulfill that objective. Generally there is a get-together, in which, sweets are distributed among family and friends after a name has been given to the baby. iv. Mundan is the ritual where, first haircut of the child is performed. In this ritual, all the hairs on childs head are removed and poured into the nearest holy water body. The removal of these hairs signifies the removal of any deficiencies in the child, and is considered to stimulate growth of the nervous system. Another initiation ritual, called as Upanayana, is performed for boys in Hinduism. It is carried out right before the puberty starts. This ritual marks the second birth of the child as he begins his journey of religious self-construction. In this ceremony, the boy acknowledges his duties towards his religion and his privileges resulting from Hinduism. During Upanayana ceremony, a sacred thread is tied around the waist of the boy. This thread consists of three separate symbolic threads meaning to, worship god, show love and respect to parents, and learn from the religious teacher (Hindu). Although, a child is born into Hinduism by various birth rituals, a boy child is again initiated into the religion through Upanayana ritual. Christianity on the other hand, has few significant specific rituals for birth. One common practice in Roman Catholics is where the mother goes to the church, certain days after giving birth to a child, to thank god for a successful birth. By doing this, she re-enters her religious community after pregnancy, and hence this practice is sometimes referred to as a purity rite. The most significant ritual associated with birth is baptism of the baby. It represents the babys commencement into Christianity. It is generally performed from 0 to 6 months after the birth of the baby. It is generally performed by the minister of the church, when he pours the holy water and says, I baptise you (or, The servant of God (name) is baptized) in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit (see Matthew 28:19). According to bible, baptism is a requirement for salvation (Mark 16:16; Titus 3:5). Baptism pictures the death and burial of our old self and our resurrection to a new life in Jesus Christ as Romans 6 tells us: Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been united together in the likeness of His death, certainly we also shall be in the likeness of His resurrection, knowing this, that our old man was crucified with Him, that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves of sin. For the death that He (Jesus) died, He died to sin once for all; but the life that He lives, He lives to God. Likewise you also, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 6:3-6, 10-11, NKJV) (biblestudy). This verse and its description in biblestudy.org clearly demarcates that the sins of a person are forgiven and washed away by getting baptized because through baptism, the person symbolizes that he is regretful for all his sins but now he has complete faith in Jesus, and is willing to live a good life under the shadow of Jesus Christ. Although, infant baptism is performed soon after the birth of a child, it can be compared to the Hindu initiation ritual of Upanayana because of the similar purposes of the two rituals. After baptism, a catholic child is regarded as a member of the church and a complete relationship is established between the child and the church. Therefore, it is clear that like Upanayana, Baptism marks the beginning of religious education. Confirmation to baptism occurs when the young person can knowingly and freely choose Christian faith, (21 cite this). This happens at an age similar to the age of Upanayana ritual in Hinduism. For both these rituals, a fundamental change takes place in the life of the person undergoing the ritual, and this change is considered a rebirth as a fresh identity with new faith, duties, and privileges. According to Christianity, a person cannot attain salvation without being baptized. Likewise, Upanayana ceremony in Hinduism is the initiation on the road to religious ed ucation that ultimately leads to salvation. Hindus practice many rituals collectively known as Sansakaras. These rituals or sanskaras depict events in the life cycle of a Hindu person. According to the ancient texts in Hinduism, most significant events in the life cycle include Birth, Marriage, and Death. These Are Explained as Follows: Mix Christianity intro Initiation 1. Birth: In Hinduism, birth of a child is considered a religious ceremony, and involves many rituals. Some of the common rituals, practiced by almost all Hindus at the time of birth of a child, and their significance are discussed below. These rituals initiate a child into Hinduism and are collectively referred to as birth rituals. i. The first one is Garbhadhana or Impregnation rites. This ritual includes a planned sexual intercourse, between a husband and his wife, performed in a certain way, to conceive the best possible baby. The sex during Garbhadhana is not for pleasure but for developing a good or divine soul in the womb of the wife. Garbhadhana is purely spiritual, and is considered to be very essential. It is required to populate the world with good souls. This is explained by Lord Krishna in Bhagavad Gita, Sex aimed at creating godly children is as good as God Himself. balam balavatam caham kama-raga-vivarjitam dharmaviruddho bhutesu kamo smi bharatarsabha I am the strength of the strong, devoid of passion and desire. I am sex life which is not contrary to religious principles, O lord of the Bharatas' (Hindu). ii. Jatakarma is the ritual performed to welcome the baby into this world. It is performed right before the umbilical cord is cut. In this ritual, father of the child feeds honey to the baby and chant prayers or mantras in babys ear. This ritual is supposed to increase the aptitude of the child and spiritually help him or her to lead a long and healthy life. In addition, it represents that the presence of the child is desired and appreciated in the family. iii. Namakarana, meaning to give a name, is the ritual in which the child is given a name, which is meaningful and inspiring. A good name is very important for the child because its meaning reminds him of a purpose or an objective in life and inspires him to fulfill that objective. Generally there is a get-together, in which, sweets are distributed among family and friends after a name has been given to the baby. iv. Mundan is the ritual where, first haircut of the child is performed. In this ritual, all the hairs on childs head are removed and poured into the nearest holy water body. The removal of these hairs signifies the removal of any deficiencies in the child, and is considered to stimulate growth of the nervous system. Another initiation ritual, called as Upanayana, is performed for boys in Hinduism. It is carried out right before the puberty starts. This ritual marks the second birth of the child as he begins his journey of religious self-construction. In this ceremony, the boy acknowledges his duties towards his religion and his privileges resulting from Hinduism. During Upanayana ceremony, a sacred thread is tied around the waist of the boy. This thread consists of three separate symbolic threads meaning to, worship god, show love and respect to parents, and learn from the religious teacher (Hindu). Although, a child is born into Hinduism by various birth rituals, a boy child is again initiated into the religion through Upanayana ritual. Christianity on the other hand, has few significant specific rituals for birth. One common practice in Roman Catholics is where the mother goes to the church, certain days after giving birth to a child, to thank god for a successful birth. By doing this, she re-enters her religious community after pregnancy, and hence this practice is sometimes referred to as a purity rite. The most significant ritual associated with birth is baptism of the baby. It represents the babys commencement into Christianity. It is generally performed from 0 to 6 months after the birth of the baby. It is generally performed by the minister of the church, when he pours the holy water and says, I baptise you (or, The servant of God (name) is baptized) in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit (see Matthew 28:19). According to bible, baptism is a requirement for salvation (Mark 16:16; Titus 3:5). Baptism pictures the death and burial of our old self and our resurrection to a new life in Jesus Christ as Romans 6 tells us: Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been united together in the likeness of His death, certainly we also shall be in the likeness of His resurrection, knowing this, that our old man was crucified with Him, that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves of sin. For the death that He (Jesus) died, He died to sin once for all; but the life that He lives, He lives to God. Likewise you also, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 6:3-6, 10-11, NKJV) (biblestudy). This verse and its description in biblestudy.org clearly demarcates that the sins of a person are forgiven and washed away by getting baptized because through baptism, the person symbolizes that he is regretful for all his sins but now he has complete faith in Jesus, and is willing to live a good life under the shadow of Jesus Christ. Although, infant baptism is performed soon after the birth of a child, it can be compared to the Hindu initiation ritual of Upanayana because of the similar purposes of the two rituals. After baptism, a catholic child is regarded as a member of the church and a complete relationship is established between the child and the church. Therefore, it is clear that like Upanayana, Baptism marks the beginning of religious education. Confirmation to baptism occurs when the young person can knowingly and freely choose Christian faith, (21 cite this). This happens at an age similar to the age of Upanayana ritual in Hinduism. For both these rituals, a fundamental change takes place in the life of the person undergoing the ritual, and this change is considered a rebirth as a fresh identity with new faith, duties, and privileges. According to Christianity, a person cannot attain salvation without being baptized. Likewise, Upanayana ceremony in Hinduism is the initiation on the road to religious ed ucation that ultimately leads to salvation.

Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman as Classic Greek Tragedy Essay

Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman as Classic Greek Tragedy Miller’s Death of a Salesman is an interesting and complex play set at a time of great change in America. Some people believe that it is one of a few classic tragedies written in modern time. While on the surface this play and characters don't appear to hold the definition of tragedy that Aristotle described. In a modern context I believe it may be very close to fitting that mold. Willy is a person that has always been a dreamer. Willy is very proud and self reliant in his approach to life. So much so, that his attitude contributes to his overall downfall. Willy's character lives during a time of great change in America. Willy's job along with the American way of life he loved and felt secure with has outgrown him. As his life and job slip away from him, Willy's attempts to hold his dreams and family together continue to deteriorate to a point that all he has left are his memories. The main character Willy Loman has a certain rough appeal. He is married and a father, and supports his family both financially and emotionally. Willy shows encouragement to his children when they are younger. Willy certainly shows the ability to be great, at least in the eyes of his family and children and that seems important to him. Willy's children and wife see him as a great man and father, as all small children and loving wives do. The children, especially Biff, idolized him as a person in their youth. This is characterized in the way Biff "simonizes" the car as a child. Biff hangs on every word from his father; wanting to know where he's been on his trips and if he can come along and carry his valises. When Biff discovered he'd failed math, surely his greatest time of... ...te for Willy to be in, it certainly is not necessary. His house is almost paid off, his other bills are also almost cleared. He has been given a job offer numerous times by Charley. Willy he can't have someone else give him the answer or fix things for him or give him a job like Charley or Ben offered a number of times. Willy has to do it himself, he has to accomplish the task because he's Willy Loman. This is certainly the case when he decides to end his life and he is not sad about doing this. Willy is actually excited and enthusiastic. He's figured out a way to give Biff a chance to make something of himself with the life insurance money, and he gets himself out of having to admit he's not the man he's portrayed himself to be. Willy isn't doing this for profit or to hurt anyone, it's a solution to a problem that Willy can provide. The ultimate sale so to speak. Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman as Classic Greek Tragedy Essay Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman as Classic Greek Tragedy Miller’s Death of a Salesman is an interesting and complex play set at a time of great change in America. Some people believe that it is one of a few classic tragedies written in modern time. While on the surface this play and characters don't appear to hold the definition of tragedy that Aristotle described. In a modern context I believe it may be very close to fitting that mold. Willy is a person that has always been a dreamer. Willy is very proud and self reliant in his approach to life. So much so, that his attitude contributes to his overall downfall. Willy's character lives during a time of great change in America. Willy's job along with the American way of life he loved and felt secure with has outgrown him. As his life and job slip away from him, Willy's attempts to hold his dreams and family together continue to deteriorate to a point that all he has left are his memories. The main character Willy Loman has a certain rough appeal. He is married and a father, and supports his family both financially and emotionally. Willy shows encouragement to his children when they are younger. Willy certainly shows the ability to be great, at least in the eyes of his family and children and that seems important to him. Willy's children and wife see him as a great man and father, as all small children and loving wives do. The children, especially Biff, idolized him as a person in their youth. This is characterized in the way Biff "simonizes" the car as a child. Biff hangs on every word from his father; wanting to know where he's been on his trips and if he can come along and carry his valises. When Biff discovered he'd failed math, surely his greatest time of... ...te for Willy to be in, it certainly is not necessary. His house is almost paid off, his other bills are also almost cleared. He has been given a job offer numerous times by Charley. Willy he can't have someone else give him the answer or fix things for him or give him a job like Charley or Ben offered a number of times. Willy has to do it himself, he has to accomplish the task because he's Willy Loman. This is certainly the case when he decides to end his life and he is not sad about doing this. Willy is actually excited and enthusiastic. He's figured out a way to give Biff a chance to make something of himself with the life insurance money, and he gets himself out of having to admit he's not the man he's portrayed himself to be. Willy isn't doing this for profit or to hurt anyone, it's a solution to a problem that Willy can provide. The ultimate sale so to speak.

Progress Leads to Success Essay -- Health, Mental Illness

Henry Ford stated, â€Å"Coming together is a beginning, keeping together is a progress, working together is success,† Ford’s quote applies to everything and everyone coming together in the beginning to make progress that leads into success, just like we need to do to help the mentally ill. Things need to change so that mentally ill individuals don’t hurt themselves or the people that surround them in society. The law and psychology need to work together to make stricter guidelines to prevent mentally stable people from manipulating the right’s we are giving to mentally ill people, also they need to treat mentally ill before crime happens, and lastly, the mentally ill should not be placed into prisons because of the more severe effects that will hurt them worse in the long run. Making a tougher mental capacity test would reduce the amount of liars that just rely on the insanity defense to get a lesser sentence. The law has already showed a good beginning in trying to stop perfectly stable people mentally from manipulating the right of the insanity offense the law has given to mentally ill who actually need it, â€Å"About one-fourth of the states have established a separate verdict of ‘Guilty but Mentally Ill’ (GBMI)†¦ The consequence of receiving GBMI is that the individual is convicted and given a criminal sentence. It is a verdict available to the jury when the conclusion is that the defendant committed the act charged but suffers from a mental disorder, however, not at the level necessary to meet the insanity offense,† (Torry 259-260) the law as a whole has clearly started to make little changes by making the GBMI but they still need to make more progress so people do not manipulate the system. For example, 35-year-old Terry Sturgis... ...uncertainty about life after prison, and inadequate health services† (187), by placing these types of people into prisons is doing nothing but make things worse. In conclusion the law and psychology need to do a better job working together so we can make the best outcome for everyone. Being mentally ill is not a bad thing, it is just a bad thing when you cannot control your urges: â€Å"It is a disorder that impairs the human mind and prevents distinguishing between actions that are right and wrong†¦They are brain disorders resulting in a diminishined capacity for coping with the demands of life† (Torry 255). By coming together we can make progress and make a success out of making stricter guildlines, treating mentally ill before crime happens, and placing them into institutions, not prisons. This success can be an overall positive thing for the individual and society.

Ethnic Relations Essays -- essays research papers

Final Exam   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The question of race and discrimination has been around a long time, dating back to the slave age. So the fact that it is still an issue today is no surprise at all. In fact, you might be able to say that race and discrimination is still around today but has changed over time. Why is it important to understand the question of race and discrimination? It is important because helps you be a more well-rounded person. I have learned this and have become more aware of this because I am taking this class. I will be examining ten pieces of popular culture and show how it relates to what I have learned in this class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first example I would like to use is the movie â€Å"8 Mile†. The movie is about this white man that lives in a bad neighborhood in Detroit. He has a lot of good rapping skills and he works at a car garage. He knows that the only way he will get out of this bad place is if beats the black rappers and lands a record deal. The movie shows the adversity that he goes through. This movie represents how a white man struggles to get recognize in the rap industry since he is not black and since it is dominant by blacks. I think that this shows the world that it does not matter what skin you have, but the talent you have is more important. I think this ties into class on the issue of how too many times that people get categorized because the color of their skin. This shows the idea of whiteness. Black people have been used the idea of whiteness and have used it on him. Wellman quotes: â€Å"I can relate to people whose backgrounds are similar to mine† (We llman 152). Since he is white, the some black people have judged him first by his skin and looking passed his background. When in reality, he grew up with a rough childhood and the fact that he did have the talent to do what supposedly only black people could. The black people thought that just cause he had white skin that he was not able to produce the same rhythm as them because the white person did not listen to the kind of music they make.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second example I would like to use is swing dancing. I saw a picture on the internet about swing dancing and how it showed white people dancing. Swing dance was formed by the African American people and it became very popular that it became the center of American life but... ...xist with no problem. This relates to the Min’s idea of how Asians want to be like whites and how they don’t want to be like blacks. I find this interesting because in this movie, the black people are trying to be like Asians, where as the Asians are trying to be like white people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The final example I would like to use the James Bond movie â€Å"You only live twice†. The movie is about how Bond gets killed by the Chinese enemy in the beginning of the movie but he really was not dead. So he has a mission to stop the Chinese gang from taking control of the world. This reveals to the world how the Chinese can be dangerous too. I think this relates to the when Min talks about gangs in his book. What I find funny about this situation on gangs is that Asian want to become more like white people yet the gangs would be more a characteristics of the black people. So it is kind of ironic that Asians want to be white yet they are also like black people. I am not sure what exactly you can classify the Asian people as either white or black, but I would like to see that the Asian community be classified as their own group and not have to choose either white or black,

Advancements in Medical Technology Essay

Introductions: Have you or have you had someone, that was near and dear to your family and hearts, pass away and think to yourself â€Å"If medical technology was just a little more advance, they might have been able to still be here with me today? † Or was their life, cut from your life to soon, because of the need for more advancements in the medical pharmaceutical side of things such as medications and treatments. Maybe, even be able to give them the therapeutic device that would have been able to give them a longer life expectancy? One thing to think about is that over the past thirty years advancements in the Biological, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic device fields of Medical Technology has greatly improved the life quality and expectancy of many human beings. (What kind of introduction did you write for your expository essay? Asked a question What other types of introductions might be appropriate for this kind of essay? Providing a startling statistic. Include interesting facts about the subject. What makes your introduction type more effective than another introduction type for your particular essay? By asking a question to the reader, the way that I have asked a question makes it personal to the reader and makes them think and want to read more about what I have written. ) Conclusions: My husband and I believe that if Stem Cell research was around years ago when he was first diagnosed by Type I Diabetes, that he would not have to worry so much about his blood sugars going high or low all the time. Now with the advancements in therapeutic devices, we are able to go to a specialized diabetic doctor (known as a Endocrinologist) and be able to help him get on a Medtronic Insulin Pump, that will help him with getting his sugars stable and give him the right amount of insulin that his body needs to function properly like you and I do. On the bright side due to the fact that there are advancements in medical technology with the therapeutic side of things, there is a small variety of insulin pumps on the market today that he is able to choose from that will fit to his personal needs and wants. With medical personnel continuing to improve upon advancements in the Biological, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic device fields of Medical Technology, there will be more people out there, such as I that will not have to lose their loved ones before their time. (What kind of conclusion did you write for your expository essay? I think that by finishing up with another question it will hopefully convince the reader that everything I have provided will have them agreeing with my essay. Also something that would be more effective would be to provide an ironic twist, a surprising observation. What other types of conclusions might be appropriate for this kind of essay? Restating the thesis or summarizing the main points of my essay What makes your conclusion type more effective than another conclusion type for your particular essay? By providing an ironic twist, with a surprising observation from my own personal life might help the reader understand more of why I was so passionate about writing about those things in my essay. ) Advancements in Medical Technology Essay Introductions and Conclusions Introductions: Have you or have you had someone, that was near and dear to your family and hearts, pass away and think to yourself â€Å"If medical technology was Just a little more advance, they might have been able to still be here with me today? † Or was their life, cut from your life to soon, because of the need for more advancements in the medical pharmaceutical side of things such as medications and treatments. Maybe, even be able to give them the therapeutic device that would have been able to give hem a longer life expectancy? One thing to think about is that over the past thirty years advancements in the Biological, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic device fields of Medical Technology has greatly improved the life quality and expectancy of many human beings. (What kind of introduction did you write for your expository essay? Asked a question What other types of introductions might be appropriate for this kind of essay? Providing a startling statistic. Include interesting facts about the subject. What makes our introduction type more effective than another introduction type for your particular essay? By asking a question to the reader, the way that I have asked a question makes it personal to the reader and makes them think and want to read more about what I have written. ) Conclusions: My husband and I believe that if Stem Cell research was around years ago when he was first diagnosed by Type I Diabetes, that he would not have to worry so much about his blood sugars going high or low all the time. Now with the advancements in herapeutic devices, we are able to go to a specialized diabetic doctor (known as a Endocrinologist) and be able to help him get on a Medtronic Insulin Pump, that will help him with getting his sugars stable and give him the right amount of insulin that his body needs to function properly like you and I do. On the bright side due to the tact that there are advancements in medical technology witn the therapeutic side ot things, there is a small variety of insulin pumps on the market today that he is able to hoose from that will fit to his personal needs and wants. With medical personnel continuing to improve upon advancements in the Biological, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic device fields of Medical Technology, there will be more people out there, such as I that will not have to lose their loved ones before their time. (What kind of conclusion did you write for your expository essay? I think that by finishing up with another question it will hopefully convince the reader that everything I have provided will have them agreeing with my essay. Also something that would be more effective would be to provide an ironic twist, a surprising observation. What other types of conclusions might be appropriate for this kind of essay? Restating the thesis or summarizing the main points of my essay What makes your conclusion type more effective than another conclusion type for your particular essay? By providing an ironic twist, with a surprising observation from my own personal life might help the reader understand more of why I was so passionate about writing about those things in my essay. )

Bros before hoe’s in masculinity Essay

Although in that respect ar or so hands that break the mold, the majority of man billet leave neer deary confirm wo custodys cope withity. This is not because nestle manpower ar pigs facial expression to degrade wo work force, it is because of the impression of the puzzle of custodys power. work force as a social pigeonholing atomic number 18 powerful and yet so numerous work force savour weak, particularly in relationships with wowork force. Wo manpower seem to fit as the power to put a leash on workforce. Many men feel in control when they confirm the support of their familiarity of brothers. nigh men are not willing to let their brothers down by siding with pro-feminists. Siding with pro-feminists, as a priapic, could be seen as trying to bring out from the box that is hegemonic masculinity. There has been a destabilization of hegemonic masculinity with the movement of civil rights aggroups, that is to say the womens rights movement. There are umteen a(prenominal) another(prenominal) arguments in favor of beity amongst men and women. In the past women were seen as the homemakers, that thither was no need to educate them and on that point was cl earlier no devote in the workforce for their sex.The time when girls needed no education, because all they had to do was to pick geniusness of a troop of suitors, marry him, funding house for him, and outlive on his wages, is deceased forever, for the genuinely simple reason that no charr can consistently live on a mans wages any more(prenominal) than (Kimmel and Mosmiller, 1992 178-179). proterozoic in this nations history, men were viewed as the breadwinners it was very seldom that one would see a woman in the work.As the days adopt progressed however, there has been a unswerving shift towards a society where salutary as many women are work as men. It has excessively become more cat valium to see stay at home dads. By 1999, the portionage of women in the w orkforce was nearly sixty percent and men had fallen to about 75 percent according to the International Union, join Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of Americas (UAW) website. R.W. Connell states that there are many reasons wherefore equality in the workplace would well cosmos men in his article deepen among the Gatekeepers.For instance, very large physical bodys of men are fathers, and about half of their children are girls (Connell, 2005 617). work force with daughters will clearly neediness their children to succeed and go for the same opportunities as other children, regardless of gender. Connell also states that the use of graves and services of breadwinner is a burden that many men feel compel direct to fill. Over the years this has led to health concerns as a root of stress and work related infirmity and injury.With more women in the workplace the number of men with these paradoxs should significantly decrease. Recently there has been a surg e of women in the political realm. Hillary Clinton running for death chair and Sarah Palin being picked, by a man, to be his vice hot seatial running mate shows that times deem changed immensely. If a woman were to run for a position such(prenominal) as this early in Americas history, she would subscribe been laughed at. The idea of a fe anthropoid president still is not over(p)ly accredited by everyone, but Clinton did have her par interpret of male supporters.Connell states that men would be field of honor to less violence if more women were in the workplace and if they held high power positions such as goernor and president (Connell, 2005 615). peck in high power positions are much targeted for forms of violence, for instance John F. Kennedy, Abraham Lincoln, and Robert Kennedy, retributive to name a few. It is not often that one turns on the news to test of a female being assassinated. handss violence towards women will also be decreased(Kimmel and Mosmiller, 1992 ). Many pro-feminist men have embraced a feminist analysis male violence against women, particularly battery and go against (Kimmel and Mosmiller, 1992 371).The idea is that if equality is reached in society, men and women will have more important relationships thus increasing understanding of one another and decreasing hostility and aggression.In our society, caring (for children, sick people, the elderly etc.) is viewed as a womans transmission line. The art of caring appears al about as a natural condition of being a woman Being a woman means being good at caring for people. However, in many parts of the world, we are seeing more men carrying out tasks associated with child care, any inside the home or in institutions (Lyra, 2004 3). Although many believe that women should have equal rights, there is still a wizard that a womans place is in the household.These beliefs have been proliferated for centuries from the establishment of the united States. In the beginning this was how society was organized, a somewhat caste-like system. Now there has been a shift, but the ideas still remain. For example when Hillary Clinton ran for president if these issues did not still exist and so the point that she is a woman would never have been as big a talking point as it turn up to be. Many men and women for that matter refused to support her simply because she was in facta female running for president.The problem with widely distributed equality is that one group will al paths be looking for an usefulness over another group. An essential enquiry for any pro-feminist man moldiness be whether or not it is possible for men to act against their own collective framework interests(Douglas, 1994 33). As Michael Kaufman states in his idea of the paradox of mens power, men as a group are powerful. For as long as this country has been in existence, men have had the certain privileges over women. This may not seem pleasure ground and to be honest it isnt, but it would be interesting to turn the tables and see how women would act then.Would they be as fiercely in favor of equal rights, or would they do as many men do and just leave the system completely? This is a clear question that could intimately cross the mind of any male pondering gender equality. The answer is not so cut and dry, this is why it will be difficult, up to now after many years, to get all men on board with the womens rights movement.The pro-feminist mens movement starts from the acknowledgement that men have power and privilege in a male-dominated society (Kaufman, 1994 156). This idea is a problem for many men, so much so that there are even workforces rights activists. Not all men are willing to admit that males have an advantage over women in society. Mens rights activists excite perceived mens oppression, including selective service registration, below the belt legal decrees of alimony and child support, and domesticated violence against men (Fox, 2004 104).A common argument that Ive heard is that women are looking for equal rights, but everyone on that side of the fence seems to be absolutely content with only allowing men to be drafted for wars. I dont proclivity to sound like a unfriendly sexist because I am most definitely in favor of womens rights, I just dont see it as a populace for any time in the near future.The fact of the matter is that you cant have it both ways. In order for wide of the mark equality, the feminists need to detract the good with the braggart(a), other it is not equality that feminists are looking for, but instead to gain the f number hand on men. I feel that many men recognize this fact and it is for this reason they shy away from supporting(a) the feminist movement.Most of this issue lies on the idea of equality in the workplace. let the ablest of the sex be called to the lecture room, to the abstemiousness rostrum, and whenever a post office move vacant and a deserving woman is competent to fill and wi llingly bugger off it, let her be appointed (Greely, 1852 167). If I am the candidate for a line of reasoning and I am up against a woman, I am not loss to step excursion and say you take this position because women have been oppressed for kind of some time. I, like Horace Greely, believe that the most qualified person should get the job.I know that Ive seen many women, who are clearly in favor of equal treatment, bat their eyelashes, show some cleavage, and talk with police officers to get out of a ticket. The same thing occurs in the workplace with interviews, some women will cast aside their beliefs in order to flirt their way into a job. As an on-looking male, I must make note that these women are contend on the very stereotypes that they seek to eliminate. This makes it even more difficult for men to take up the crusade for pro-feminism if women cannot take their fight seriously, how can men be anticipate to join?Most men are all for women fighting for equality and man y will not be completely opposed to those men who do contain to fight on the pro-feminist side. There is a sense that these men are difference the brotherhood. Some might say that it is some an oxymoron to be a pro-feminist man. If a complete level of equality among genders were to be reached, which I dont see anytime in the near future, it would be as a result of the lowering of mens rights in order to level the contend field. Many men hold this view and this is why men who choose to fight for women can be viewed as traitors in a sense. A sell of men can feel constricted by women who often use tools like sex to get what they want.It is in these times that men usually turn to their brothers in mail to loosen the collar that women impose as a means of control. As bad as it may sound, a lot of men will be in favor of womens rights, but do nothing about it. Honestly what group with power is looking to relinquish their supremacy? The way society progresses is through competition. Most people, men and women alike, will always be looking for the upper hand. It is for this reason that full equality among genders is not a real goal.View as multi-pages

Types of Courage to Kill a Mockingbird

To Kill a Mockingbird types of courage In Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Lee has three chinese characters Atticus, Jem, and Scout Finch. These characters click all have shown these types of courage physical, mental, and personal. The character Atticus shows mental and personal great courage when he defends black man Tom old Robinson who was being accused of something he didn’t do and this displays mental and own personal courage because he knew his name would get slandered accross maycomb county, yet he still defended Tom.Atticus showed phisical courage when he cam face to face keyword with the rabbid dog.The storyline of the film is depending upon the publication.This portion demonstrates his phisical courage.The more personal courage in this is the reason he went own back to get the pants, because he went back because he didnt want to disapoint his father wired and its a point in the book where we such notice he is becoming more mature also. Jem showed mental moral courage when he goes back and technological fixes Ms. Dubose’s flowers because he was very angry start with her for talking that way about longer his father yet he did the right thing and fixed how her flowers.Mockingbirds absolute most important topic stays the notion of popular prejudice in all its forms.

Being a famous singer has been a dream of mine.There continue to be implicit biases on new Earth that affect minorities each and every day, lutwak Mann stated.Valued and the innocent ought to be protected.Courage is a real hard thing for folks to do.

Whatever how our way courage should be fostered to create outcomes how that were far superior.Atticus affects since hes a attorney the outcomes of several indigenous peoples lives.Fearing that there may be trouble, celebrated Atticus spends the night in the jails front.Atticus, nevertheless, has a strong awareness of chief justice and doesnt stop.

Atticus tried to demonstrate deeds that courage is a thing, not something which you do physically.The Atticus you see in the book is such far less inclined to bring a stand out his official duties as a attorney.Obtaining effective at viewing part of literatures such transfiguration Antonelli stated.Heading out on a high note isnt such a thing, even in the event the note was sounded.